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A centrifugal pump has a bit that spins round, (an impellor) inside a case. When the inside of the casing is full of liquid and the bit inside spins round, the fluid is flung outward to the sides, by centrifugal force. An outlet pipe in the case allows the fluid to exit.
If the fluid exits, then something must take it's place, a vacuum is formed. The point where cenrifugal force has least effect, is the dead centre of the bit that spins, the impellor. Arrangement is made in the casing (volute), for fluid to enter at the centre of the impellor and get flung to the sides again.
A cenrifugal pump needs to be full of fluid, before it can act as a pump. They are no good at gasses, like air. They are best placed below a liquid so that they fill naturally. They can be made to work above a liquid, but must first be filled with liquid, before starting. This is known as 'priming'.

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