Protoplanets or planet embryos.
It is called a 'proto-planet', this is the 'before-planet'-stage; It has gathered enough mass to form a large gravity field and cause a spherical shape.
There is no planet that is called the "glossy planet".
A planet's furthest approach to the Sun is called aphelion. At this point in its elliptical orbit, the planet is at its maximum distance from the Sun. For example, Earth's aphelion occurs around early July when it is about 152.1 million kilometers (94.5 million miles) away from the Sun.
Mercury is sometimes referred to as the "fossil planet" because it is thought to resemble the rocky composition of the early solar system without significant geological activity to cover up its ancient surface features.
The center of the planet is called the "core."
Mecury is not called the red planet. Mars is called the red planet because of the iron oxide (rust) in it's soil, making the planet look red. Yes, Venus is the hottest planet but it is not called the red planet.
The planet Uranus is called an ice giant planet.
Earth reaches the point in its orbit called 'perihelion' early in January.
Jupiter is called the giant planet
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The fictional planet Tralfamadore is the moon of a large planet called Tran.
Mercury is called the "iron planet" because it has a high concentration of iron in its core. Scientists believe that the planet formed from the heavy elements, including iron, that were present in the early solar system. The iron content gives Mercury a high density and makes it similar to Earth's core in composition.