Protoplanets or planet embryos.
It is called a 'proto-planet', this is the 'before-planet'-stage; It has gathered enough mass to form a large gravity field and cause a spherical shape.
There is no planet that is called the "glossy planet".
Mercury is sometimes referred to as the "fossil planet" because it is thought to resemble the rocky composition of the early solar system without significant geological activity to cover up its ancient surface features.
The center of the planet is called the "core."
The planet Uranus is called an ice giant planet.
Mecury is not called the red planet. Mars is called the red planet because of the iron oxide (rust) in it's soil, making the planet look red. Yes, Venus is the hottest planet but it is not called the red planet.
Earth reaches the point in its orbit called 'perihelion' early in January.
no
Jupiter is called the giant planet
The fictional planet Tralfamadore is the moon of a large planet called Tran.
A moon? I don't think a planet orbiting another planet would be called a planet.
We are called Earth. "Blue Planet" is a nickname for Earth, since our planet comprises primarily of water.