protons have a positive charge
Protons are smaller than atoms. Protons are subatomic particles that are found within the nucleus of an atom along with neutrons. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
No - in fact it is quite rare
protons repel other protons.
The fact is that the simple model of a nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons is correct.
No. In fact the largest stable nucleus of any atom in it's non isotope form is Lead at 82 protons
20. The fact that it is an ion has nothing to do with the number of electrons.
There are no electrons in a proton. Rather, the number of electrons equal the number of protons. Take Chlorine for example, there are 17 protons. Therefore; there are 17 electrons. And just for fact, there are 18 neutrons.
Each atom of argon has exactly 18 protons and 18 electrons.
13 protons and 14 neutrons. The fact that its an ion doesn't change that ... only the number of electrons.
An atom of any element contains a number of protons equal to the atomic number of the element. In fact, this is the definition of atomic number. For silicon, the specific value is 14.
As all other chemical elements the atom of curium contain protons, neutrons and electrons.
Since all protons and neutrons are made of quarks and they have mass, quarks must have mass (in fact they do).