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The latitudinal diversity gradient refers to the observed pattern that biodiversity tends to be higher in tropical regions near the equator and decreases toward the poles. This phenomenon is attributed to various factors, including climate stability, habitat diversity, and evolutionary history. The warmer temperatures and greater availability of resources in tropical areas support a wider variety of species, while harsher conditions in polar regions limit biodiversity. Overall, this gradient highlights the relationship between latitude and species richness across the globe.

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