The "latitude" of any place is the angle on the Earth's surface between that place
and the equator. That angle is the basic measurement, and the distance can be
calculated from it.
The metre was based on one ten-millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the equator, along the meridian going through Paris. See the link below, for more details. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre
No. A light-year is a measurement. A light year is a distance measurement based on how far light travels in a year.
The answer depends on the earliest measurements of WHAT: time, distance, mass/weight, ...
Djibouti is located near the equator, specifically at roughly 11.5 degrees north latitude. The distance from the equator to Djibouti is approximately 640 miles (about 1,030 kilometers). This distance can vary slightly based on the exact location within Djibouti, but it is generally around this figure.
A unit that is commonly used in astronomy is the light-year - the distance light travels in a year.
Using calculations based on the latitude of 38.1867ºN for Frankfurt as it is the capital of Kentucky the distance between this city and the equator is 4244.17 kilometers.
Climate is based on long term conditions. These conditions include distance from the equator, winds, ocean currents, and the tilt of the earth.
A distance is a measurement, and does not change based on which location is the starting point. (Unlike physics where the direction is considered)
Until 1983 the metre was defined at one ten millionth of the distance from the equator to the north pole. That definition has changed to reflect greater understanding and knowledge. Originally, the meter was based on the distance between the equator and the north pole along the meridian that went through Paris. That distance was set at 10,000 kilometers and the metre was ten millionth of the distance.
Brisbane is a city, not a country. One cannot make a comparison based on the the question as posed. What other cities are the same distance to the equator as Brisbane would elicit a much more detailed answer. For example: Miami, Florida is approximately the same distance north of the equator as Brisbane, Australia is south of the equator.
They both are used for the calculation of distance based on two different systems of measurement: metric and imperial respectively.
The meter was originally intended to be one ten-millionth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole through Paris