Gneiss is a metamorphic rock of variable composition with distinct banded layers. The layers or banding are called foliations, the result of the alignment of mineral grains in a direction perpendicular to the direction of pressure being exerted on the rock.
These are sometimes called foliated. These rocks have not been fully re-formed by burial and heating - they have only been regionally heated so as to re-form some of the minerals into new minerals.
They commonly originate as marine sediments at the mouth of a river system, and this deposition regime is subject to a variable deposition depending on floods and seasonal factors. These causes result in the deposit having fine and coarse layers, and these as well as having different grain sizes, will also have different mineral compositions. The fine layers will have more clays, and the coarser ones more sands.
The lowest grades will be greywackes, and schists at the higher end. Marble will not usually show any banding, for it was not a layered rock to start with.
Metamorphic rocks with parallel banding are referred to as 'foliated'.
The word "banded" is often used in itself, but another word that is often used is "Foliated".
Foliated metamorphic rocks, the foliations in response to extreme pressure.
Gneiss is a banded (foliated) metamorphic rock.
Folliated Metamorphic Rock.
Foliated rocks
Lack of banding
marble and quartzite
non-foliated.
The type of metamorphic rock would be classified as a nonfoliated metamorphic rock, like quartzite and marble.
Foliated--those exhibiting layering (gneiss, slate, schists), and non-foliated--without layers (marble, quartzite).
nonfoliated rocks
Marble and quartzite are two examples of metamorphic rocks that lack banding and are massive. The lack of banding may indicate that the metamorphism may be due to a greater factor of heat than of pressure.
Lack of banding
marble and quartzite
Foliated rocks have layers in them. We often refer to the layers as Banding.
Certain metamorphic rocks that do not exhibit foliation (banding, lamellar texture) like quartzite and marble are described as non-foliated.
Non-foliated
Metamorphic rock with mineral grains arranaged in bands or lamellar planes are called foliated metamorphic rocks.
non-foliated.
Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands. Foliated rocks are formed under great pressure and heat, and when they cool they have a banded grain pattern.
The type of metamorphic rock would be classified as a nonfoliated metamorphic rock, like quartzite and marble.
Foliated--those exhibiting layering (gneiss, slate, schists), and non-foliated--without layers (marble, quartzite).