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The more silica in lava, the more viscous the lava is. Silica (SiO2) content varies from 50 percent to 70 percent. Basaltic lava, which is 50 percent silica, is runny and contains relatively little gas. Granitic lava, typically around 70 percent silica, is 70 percent silica. It is much thicker and contains much more gas. As a result when granitic lava flows, it tends to release gasses (water and carbon dioxide) explosively.

The lava on the Hawaiian Islands in basaltic, and flows easily. The lava in Mount St Helens is very thick, so when it finally reaches the surface it causes a much more violent and dangerous eruption.

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