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What is infrastructure master?
The infrastructure masters job is to compare objects of the local domain against objects in other domains of the same forest. If the server holding the infrastructure master is also a global catalog it won't ever see any differences, since the global catalog holds a partitial copy of every object in the forest itself. Therefore the infrastructure master won't do anything in its domain. However if every DC in the Domain is also global catalog server there's no job for the IM since the GC already knows about the objects of other domains. So if you look at the job the IM has to do, it's pretty clear that it may reside on a GC if it's a single domain forest (no need to pull updates from other domains). It's also pretty clear that it may reside on a GC if it's in a multiple domain forest but every DC in the domain where the IM runs on the GC are also GCs (no need to pull updates since the GC knows everything).
Difference between Schema Master and Global Catalog?
global catalog The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its Host domain, and contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest. The global catalog is a distributed data repository that contains a searchable, partial representation of every object in every domain in a multidomain Active Directory forest. The global catalog is stored on domain controllers that have been designated as global catalog servers and is distributed through multimaster replication. Searches that are directed to the global catalog are faster because they do not involve referrals to different domain controllers. In addition to configuration and schema directory partition replicas, every domain controller in a Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 forest stores a full, writable replica of a single domain directory partition. Therefore, a domain controller can locate only the objects in its domain. Locating an object in a different domain would require the user or application to provide the domain of the requested object. The global catalog provides the ability to locate objects from any domain without having to know the domain name. A global catalog server is a domain controller that, in addition to its full, writable domain directory partition replica, also stores a partial, read-only replica of all other domain directory partitions in the forest. The additional domain directory partitions are partial because only a limited set of attributes is included for each object. By including only the attributes that are most used for searching, every object in every domain in even the largest forest can be represented in the database of a single global catalog server. schema All databases have a schema which is a formal definition (set of rules) which govern the database structure and types of objects and attributes which can be contained in the database. The schema contains a list of all classes and attributes in the forest. The schema keeps track of: * Classes * Class attributes * Class relationships such as subclasses (Child classes that inherit attributes from the super class) and super classes (Parent classes). * Object relationships such as what objects are contained by other objects or what objects contain other objects. There is a class Schema object for each class in the Active Directory database. For each object attribute in the database, there is an attributeSchema object. Schem Master is A FSMO role held by single DC in forest
How many global catalogs are created automatically?
only one as soon as the first DC is created automatically rest depends on the infrastructure how many DCs one wants to configure as GCs The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its Host domain, and contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest. The global catalog is a distributed data repository that contains a searchable, partial representation of every object in every domain in a multidomain Active Directory forest. The global catalog is stored on domain controllers that have been designated as global catalog servers and is distributed through multimaster replication. Searches that are directed to the global catalog are faster because they do not involve referrals to different domain controllers. In addition to configuration and schema directory partition replicas, every domain controller in a Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 forest stores a full, writable replica of a single domain directory partition. Therefore, a domain controller can locate only the objects in its domain. Locating an object in a different domain would require the user or application to provide the domain of the requested object. The global catalog provides the ability to locate objects from any domain without having to know the domain name. A global catalog server is a domain controller that, in addition to its full, writable domain directory partition replica, also stores a partial, read-only replica of all other domain directory partitions in the forest. The additional domain directory partitions are partial because only a limited set of attributes is included for each object. By including only the attributes that are most used for searching, every object in every domain in even the largest forest can be represented in the database of a single global catalog server.
Where the global catalog available?
The global catalog contains a complete replica of all objects in Active Directory for its Host domain, and contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory for every other domain in the forest. The global catalog is a distributed data repository that contains a searchable, partial representation of every object in every domain in a multidomain Active Directory forest. The global catalog is stored on domain controllers that have been designated as global catalog servers and is distributed through multimaster replication. Searches that are directed to the global catalog are faster because they do not involve referrals to different domain controllers. In addition to configuration and schema directory partition replicas, every domain controller in a Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 forest stores a full, writable replica of a single domain directory partition. Therefore, a domain controller can locate only the objects in its domain. Locating an object in a different domain would require the user or application to provide the domain of the requested object. The global catalog provides the ability to locate objects from any domain without having to know the domain name. A global catalog server is a domain controller that, in addition to its full, writable domain directory partition replica, also stores a partial, read-only replica of all other domain directory partitions in the forest. The additional domain directory partitions are partial because only a limited set of attributes is included for each object. By including only the attributes that are most used for searching, every object in every domain in even the largest forest can be represented in the database of a single global catalog server.
Active Directory organizes multiple domains hierarchically in a domain?
Active Directory organizes multiple domains hierarchically in a forest. A forest is the top-level structure in Active Directory that contains multiple domains. Each domain within a forest has its own security policies and trust relationships with other domains in the forest.
Why not make all Domen Controllers in a large forest as GCs?
There can be only one GC. If we make all DCs as GC then There will be huge amount network traffic which can choke the network There will be problems in replications There will be issues in consistency of objects in the forest There would be issues in authentications There will be chances of duplicate objects in the domains That is why there is only ONE GC per forest which has all the info about the objects groups etc.
What controls which objects a group can contain?
Group PolicyIn the Active Directory are abailable several group scopes. The groups scope controls which objects the group can contain, limiting the objects to the same domain or permitting objects from remote domains, and controls the location in the domain or forest there the group can be used.
Can you have two domains on server 2003?
You can't have two domains on the same server 2003 machine, since it has to manage a single domain. However, you can have many domains in a server 2003 forest or a series of trees, which are managed by a forest controller. And, a single server 2003 can manage multiple domains.
When a windows 2008 forest is first created can any user add or remove domains in the forest?
No
What is the role of a global catalog in Active Directory?
"The global catalog is a distributed data repository that contains a searchable, partial representation of every object in every domain in a multidomain Active Directory forest. The global catalog is stored on domain controllers that have been designated as global catalog servers and is distributed through multimaster replication. Searches that are directed to the global catalog are faster because they do not involve referrals to different domain controllers." http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc728188(WS.10).aspx
What is an active directory forest?
A collection of domains that share a common schema.
What membership information is stored on the global catalog?
A complete or partial replica of all objects in an Active Directory forest is stored in the Global Catalog. This includes a user's group memberships in global, universal, and domain local groups. A universal group is stored in the Global Catalog in its entirety, including all users within that group. Global groups, on the other hand, only store the group data in the Global Catalog. The actual members of the group are not replicated to the Global Catalog, saving some network bandwidth. Domain local groups are a breed of their own. Like global groups, their members are not stored in the Global Catalog, again saving bandwidth. It's when we start adding domain local groups in a multi-domain or multi-forest environment that things get tricky.When a user attempts to search for or access an Active Directory object (such as a shared folder or printer), he must go through the Global Catalog first. When a client accesses the Global Catalog, he is granted what is called an impersonation token. This token is used to grant or deny the user access to objects stored in the Global Catalog. Inside this token is information on what type of groups the user belongs to (global, universal, or domain local). However, domain local group membership included in the token can be incomplete in a multi-domain environment.The following two items are included in the user's token:Domain local groups present in the domain hosting the Global CatalogUser's membership in domain local groups within the domain hosting the Global CatalogBUT if the user is a member of other domain local groups in other domains, he is out of luck, as this information is not included in the token. Why is this important? In addition to a partial replica of all objects in a forest, the Global Catalog contains a listing of each object's permissions specifying who should and should not have access to them. This listing is called a Discretionary Access Control List (DACL). When the user tries to access an Active Directory object, the Global Catalog compares the user's impersonation token with the object's DACL. If the object to be shared has read/write access granted to a domain local group in a different domain to which the user is a member, he may be denied access because this group membership is not present in the user's token
