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What is a periokoi?

Updated: 9/28/2023
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Q: What is a periokoi?
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Why weren't the Spartans allowed to trade?

All Spartan men were required to serve in the army, any other occupation was delegated to an underclass called periokoi. One of their duties was to act as merchants for Sparta.


Did Sparta have money?

Spartans were not supposed to have money as Lycurgus (an ancient spartan who basically made all their rules) forebade it as money was the root of all EVIL... 0_0 ...according to him at least. :-P But the slaves(each male Spartan had two personal + number of them at home) were allowed to have money,and did all the buying for Spartans themselves.Also Periokoi were allowed to have money,so money did exist and was in use in Sparta.Only citizens-soldiers were not allowed to have or use any.


What was Sparta's hierarchy?

Sparta employed a rigid hierarchy of three classes, which dated to its early history. At the base were the helots, the Messenian serfs tied to aristocratic land, whose labor sustained the rest of society. The next caste consisted of the Lacedaemonian hoplites-aristocratic citizens devoted to enforcing the social order by force-and their military vassals, a subclass of non-citizens known as the periokoi. While the hoplite-citizen class composed only ten percent of the general population, even it was subject to a final layer of hierarchy. Twenty-eight elders were selected by acclamation to the Gerousia, a legislative body presided by two kings and five ephors, holding executive and judicial powers, respectively.


How many helmets for Spartans are in Halo 3?

In their height of power,around 500 BC,around 8000 citizen hoplites. But to that number you should add those under and over age,and women. So the number maybe 3-4times that.THat is only full citizens of Sparta. Not counting slaves,or periokoi(broad term could be half-citizens)..By the time of the end of Peloponnessian wars 400BC or better their defeat in 371 BC their number(citizen hoplites) was around few hundred only.


How did the Persians defeat the Spartans?

The Spartans never really recovered from the huge loss of life in 465 BC earthquake and subsequent helot revolt as well as wars with Argives and Arcadians (except Mantineans) which came immediately after epic war with Persia, and basically ended in the eve of the Great earthquake. Wounded Sparta then embarked on a very tough, civil war equivalent - Peloponnesian war(s). But it ended it not as a former military power, though still strong, but as more of a political power, which at the end of an exausting war gave them a victory. But at what cost? Spartan system crumbled, adn with citizen population decimated, their army was no longer an elite, their warriors weren't bred from childhood to be the best in Greece, but most of the army were now either free semi trained periokoi (second class citizens) or even freed helots (public slaves). Finally, Thebans, which rose to power in Greece in 4th century BC after almost 800 years since last heyday, defeated Spartan army in the battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, officially ending the very slow process of Spartan power fading, which started almost immediately after Persian wars. That wasn't the first nor the last defeat Spartans had suffered, but it was probably the most decisive, as it never recovered its power. But only few decades later, Thebans also fell to the power of Alexander the Great and Hellenistic kingdoms, who again, after Alexander's death soon fell to the Romans, together with entire Greece. Sparta was slowly reduced to a remote village, a Roman tourist attraction, and in the early middle ages, after several barbarian attacks and fall of Rome, it ceased to exist until refounded by modern Greeks as Sparti in the end of 19th century where it still stands.