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have probable cause to believe that a crime is being committed.
The burden of proof is BELIEF, BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT, that the accused committed the crime.
probable cause
Reasonable suspicion
A legal search would constitute a search warrant signed by a Judge, or probable cause in many instances. Probable cause is a reasonable belief that a person has committed or will commit a crime. For probable cause to exist, the police must have enough knowledge of the facts to believe that a suspect is committing a crime. The test used by court is if a reasonable person of average intelligence would believe a crime was being committed with the same facts.
A reasonable belief that a crime has been committed. Example: You pull over a vehicle and while speaking with the driver smell the odor of marijuana in the vehicle.Added: Or observe a firearm, or what appears to be proceeds of crime inside the vehicle.ALSO: Be advised that these examples are only a small sample of reasonable causes to suspect criminal activity.
The questioner is confusing the wording of two legal concepts. The proper legal usage of the terms is REASONABLE SUSPICION and PROBABLE CAUSE. Reasonable Suspicion is/are those circumstances which arouse the instincts of a trained law enforcement officer to believe that a crime has been, or is about to be committed. Probably Cause leads from Reasonable Suspicion and is developed when a trained law enforcement officer determines that there is enough cause to believe that a crime has been committed and the person whom he can identify, or has in custody, is the one who committed it.
The burden of proof that a prosecutor has in case is that the defendant committed the crime, to the exclusion of reasonable doubt. This means that a panel of 6 to 12 people who are open-minded and have the ability to make a rational decision, must be convinced that the defendant committed the crime and that no other person could have committed the crime, based on the evidence that was presented to the jury.
depends on the crime
The perpetrator of a crime is the person who actually committed the crime. A suspect may or may not have committed the crime. A suspect has not been confirmed as being the perpetrator.
"Probable Cause" is the foundatiion on which all arrests are based. It is a reasonable belief that a person has committed a crime. The test for whether probable cause exists for the purpose of an arrest is whether facts and circumstances within the officer's knowledge are sufficient to warrant a prudent person to believe a suspect has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime. See: http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/p089.htm
If you knew that a crime was to be committed, or if a reasonable person would believe that you could have prevented the crime, the answer is "yes", you can be charged as well.