What is a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks?

Formation of ethanol from glucose by yeast a chemical or physical change? How often should soils be tested or sampled? Do tornadoes start over land? What plate boundary caused the Acapulco trench to form? Are mines deep enough to reach the mantle? Can helium and chlorine combine to form an ionic compound? Why potassium iodide can conduct electricity in the molten state but not in solid state? What elements make up the lower mantle of the earth? What temperature does dodecane condense from a gas to a liquid? What is the CO2 emission per liter petrol? Why is irrigation necessary for farming on the deccan plateau? What is the difference between glacier water and geyser water? In which geologic period did pangaea form? Does it snow there? What is a solubility product of calcium chloride? What Type of weathering that changes composition of material? What happens when Iodine is added to cooked rice? Why would osmotic pressure be low in someone who is starving? Approximately 20 percent of the earths atmosphere is composed of? What is 19.5 degrees Celsius in Ferinheight?

What is a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks?