independent clause
a Simple Sentence
The adjective would be the number "one" (which might be called a determiner). The adverb is "alone" modifying the verb stands.
Yes, "team" can be considered a simple subject when it stands alone as the main noun in a sentence. The simple subject is the word that tells us who or what the sentence is about, and in this case, "team" fulfills that role. For example, in the sentence "The team won the game," "team" is the simple subject.
It is called a constant.
constant
No, a complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. A sentence containing two independent clauses is called a compound sentence.
The independent clauses are the ones that stand alone. They are the one that do not need any more sentence for them.
Either called a "term" or a "constant"
A steep-sided hill or mountain that stands alone and is usually smaller than a mesa is called a butte.
That is not actually a complete sentence. It is a dependent clause because it cannot stand alone. If you were to take off the subordinating conjunction "when," it could stand alone and would a sentence. The simple subject in that dependent clause is field.
The Winner Stands Alone was created in 2008.
The Winner Stands Alone has 375 pages.