a coupon is placed in tensile test machine and pulled on along its axis with a known load; when it breaks that is its tensile load strength; divide by coupon cross sectional area to get ultimate stress. Usually the coupon is shaped as a dog bone to provide grip at the ends and failure in the middle
Tensile strength is one of the basic and important properties of the concrete. The concrete is not usually expected to resist the direct tension because of its low tensile strength and brittle nature. However, the determination of tensile strength of concrete is necessary to determine the load at which the concrete members may crack. The cracking is a form of tension failure.
The same way that you test the tensile strength of anything - break it in a universal testing machine! You have to be careful how you hold the rope though - you obviously cannot grip it the way you would grip a metal specimen (since the grips will cut the rope). Therefore the rope may be locked into special rope-testing grips or tied around a T-bar or pin in a particuar way. As long as the rope breaks n the central "guage length", you have a good result. If it breaks in the region where it is gripped or tied, the result is probably not correct.
because the cross-sectional area decreases as the test progresses. to keep the pressure constant, the weight must decrease. (pressure is force divided by area)
E8
A tensile test machine is designed to give a straight line pull on a member so that it measures only direct tensile stress given as the force applied divided by the member area
A sample is tested using a tensile test machine by loading it in a direction along its axis. The load is measured with a load cell, and when the sample breaks its tensile strength is determined by dividing the failure load by its area.
example of static load test
If the test is set to load-control , it means that the stress will not drop once the fracture become unstable. In displacement control the stress may drop at unstable fracture.
The difference between static load testing and dynamic load testing is that with static load testing a certain percentage of a product is tested against a group of specifications. During dynamic testing each individual product is tested against a group of standards based on previous tests.
tensile test
The splitting tensile test specimen is subjected to a compressive load. For brittle matrixes such as cementitious products, the compressive strength is typically around an order of magnitude higher than tensile strength. On a microstructure scale, the compressive forces are trying to crush the individual crystallites while the tensile forces only have to fracture the connections between crystallites. The splitting tensile test specimen fails due to the tensile forces generated as it distorts perpendicular to the applied compressive load. In practice, a loading cap on the loading faces of the specimen generates a compressive column in the sample and the true failure is in shear along this compressive column due to the tensile forces. In practicality, this test is also useful for flexural testing of weak composite materials where in both cases a compressive load generates tensile forces that initiate a failure that travels to the neutral axis resulting in shear as well.
Tensile strength is one of the basic and important properties of the concrete. The concrete is not usually expected to resist the direct tension because of its low tensile strength and brittle nature. However, the determination of tensile strength of concrete is necessary to determine the load at which the concrete members may crack. The cracking is a form of tension failure.
why the tensile properties of most brittle materials are accessed by transverse bending tests and not ascertain by tensile tests
The same way that you test the tensile strength of anything - break it in a universal testing machine! You have to be careful how you hold the rope though - you obviously cannot grip it the way you would grip a metal specimen (since the grips will cut the rope). Therefore the rope may be locked into special rope-testing grips or tied around a T-bar or pin in a particuar way. As long as the rope breaks n the central "guage length", you have a good result. If it breaks in the region where it is gripped or tied, the result is probably not correct.
because the cross-sectional area decreases as the test progresses. to keep the pressure constant, the weight must decrease. (pressure is force divided by area)
A tension test in which a specimen is broken by applying in increasing load ot the two ends.During the test the elastic properties and ultimate tensile strength of the material are determined.After rupture the broken specimen may be measured for elongation and reduction area.
yes