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The word sounding comes from the nautical term meaning 'to measure'. Sounding rockets are sent almost straight up into the sky, usually with an experiment on board, to perform "cheap" experiments in space. Since they don't turn downward to the horizon while launching, they don't go into orbit. That means that they come back in just a few minutes and can be recovered with a parachute if desired. Most sounding rockets are roughly two feet in diameter and generally about 40 feet long, thus pretty small.

Sounding rockets are always suborbital.

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