A vacuum tube is an instrument used to control the flow of electrons. The simplest form of this is called the triode and has three elements. An anode, a cathode, and a grid. The flow of electrons is always from anode to cathode the grid can influence the flow of the electrons. Like the light bulb the tube needs to be a vacuum or filled with gas to prevent the metals they are made of from catching on fire and melting. The first person to discover that a grid could have an electric charge was Lee De Forest. See also: Lee De Forest Edwin Armstrong David Sarnoff
either SDS or ACD (Sodium polyanetholesulfonate) (Acid Citrate Dextrose)
contains only a heated electron-emitting cathode and an anode. Electrons can only flow in one direction through the device—from the cathode to the anode. Adding one or more control grids within the tube allows the current between the cathode and anode to be controlled by the voltage on the grids.[5]
No. The PNP or NPN of a transistor refers to the doping or impurities introduced to the silicon during manufacturing, and changes the polarity of the supply voltage to each pin. In a vacuum tube, the anode is always positive, the cathode is always negative. The control grid can vary between more negative than the cathode to cut off current flow, up to equal to the potential of the cathode, at which point the tube is saturated, or at full current. There is no 'reverse polarity' tube to correspond with the two types of transistor.
A triode is a vacuum-tube (US) aka valve(UK) with three electrodes : an anode, a cathode and a grid. The cathode is heated electrically which boils off a cloud of electrons. The anode is made positive ( typ. 100-500V) which attracts the electrons towards it. The grid is an open structure, usually of thin wires, placed between the anode and cathode, but nearer the cathode. If a negative voltage is applied to the grid the current flow through the tube is reduced. The more negative, the less current. Prior to the development of transistors, tubes were used for all things in radio,TV and electronics. Different tubes had different numbers of electrodes; the triode was particularly suited to high power amplifiers, especially at radio frequencies. Triodes are still used today by shortwave radio stations, and for RF heating equipment.
Twin-grid vacuum tube
In normal operation there is no grid current, only a voltage.
It is necessary to maintain vacuum in a vacuum tube to provide the electrons a free path from cathode to anode without triggering ionization. If there was air or some other gas in the tube, the electron flow would cause it to ionize and the control grid would have reduced or even no control of the conduction of the tube. There are gas filled tubes that depend on this ionization: for example in thyratrons, once the control grid starts conduction ionization takes over and the grid has no more control, you have to turn off the B+ supply in some way to reset it.
It's almost a vacuum, it contains no air.
the vacuum tube
A vacuum tube is an instrument used to control the flow of electrons. The simplest form of this is called the triode and has three elements. An anode, a cathode, and a grid. The flow of electrons is always from anode to cathode the grid can influence the flow of the electrons. Like the light bulb the tube needs to be a vacuum or filled with gas to prevent the metals they are made of from catching on fire and melting. The first person to discover that a grid could have an electric charge was Lee De Forest. See also: Lee De Forest Edwin Armstrong David Sarnoff
In Great Britain its also called "Valve"
vacuum
cathode-ray tube
A vacuum tube does not contain any gases. All the gases are evacuated from the tube and only vacuum is left.
A vacuum tube is simply a tube with no oxygen nor carbon dioxide in it (aka no air).
Millman's theorem