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This really depends on which password you mean. Most user passwords aren't so much decoded as they are hashed through alorithms such as MD5 and the result compared to a stored hash for the password. If the hashes match, Linux concludes the password is correct.

Passwords are done this way as checksum hashes can't be reversed. They are assymetrical, meaning running a hash through the same algorithm merely results in another hash, not the password. This is a very secure way to store passwords.

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Q: What is algprithm that Linux is used to decode the password?
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