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What is the hardest element in alchemy?
Earth would have to be the hardest of the Aristotelean Elements as it is the only solid one.
What has the author Thomas James Grew written?
Thomas James Grew has written: 'The teaching of classics in the British Isles, 1850-1970' 'Respiration and air in pre-Aristotelean thought with special reference to the Hippocratic Corpus'
What ideas did thomas aquainas have?
St. Thomas Aquinas' work was the culmination of work beginning with Plato. Using Aristotelean logic, he created the five "proofs of God" and expounded on those proofs to explain the whole of Christian Theology, in seven volumes called the Summa Theologia, often abbreviated to the Summa.
Why was it difficult for Dalton to prove his theory?
His theory like the Aristotelean epicycles theory assumed motions were based on circles. Thus even though his theory was simpler than Aristotle's his predictions did not agree as well with measurement. It was not until Kepler changed the circles to ellipses that Copernicus's theory gave predictions that agreed better with measurement than Aristotle's theory did that it was finally easy to accept the Copernican sun centered system.
How are the Aristotelean principles of tragedy employed in 'Oedipus Rex' and 'Oedipus at Colonus' and 'Antigone'?
Some of the principles of tragedy as identified by Aristotle [384 B.C.E.* - 322 B.C.E.] may be found in the plays by the playwright Sophocles [496 B.C.E. - 406 B.C.E.]. In the case of the surviving Theban cycle, the ending is unhappy for at least one main character in 'Antigone', 'Oedipus at Colonus', and 'Oedipus Rex'. In the beginning of all three plays, the misfortune appears preventable. But as the plot develops, the miserable outcome takes on the appearance of inevitability. And in each of the three cases, the inevitability springs from at least one tragic flaw in the main, heroic character.*Before the Christian Era
What is Aristotle's definition of a tragedy?
Aristotelean defined tragedy as "the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself." It incorporates "incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish the catharsis of such emotions." The tragic hero will most effectively evoke both our pity and terror if he is neither thoroughly good nor thoroughly evil but a combination of both. It is also important to not that Aristotle believed that while comedy is dark, because it laughs at human folly, tragedy represents human greatness, as the moment of catharsis shows man fighting against a superior force, despite knowing that ultimately they are doomed.
What effect did ancient Greek philosophy have on Aquinas?
In general, western medieval philosophy was heavily dependent upon ancient Greek philosophy. The doctrines of the ancient Greek philosophers from the pre-Socratics through Plotinus were extremely influential in setting the agenda for medieval philosophy. The first great Christian thinker was Augustine, whose own original thinking was heavily influenced by, on the one hand, Plato and Plotinus, and, on the other, by Paul's Christian writings. Augustine tried to use the categories of Greek philosophy to render Christian doctrine intelligible. By the time of Aquinas, many of the works of Aristotle, which had been preserved by Islamic scholars, had been recovered (whereas not many of Plato's dialogues were available). Aquinas was so heavily influenced by Aristotle that he simply refers to him as "the philosopher" in his writings. Like Augustine, Aquinas tried to make sense of Christian writings, but he also used Aristotelean categories to try to make Christian thinking consistent with what else was understood about the world. In so doing, he developed the greatest medieval synthesis. Aquinas remains the official philosopher of the Roman Catholic Church. In other words, Greek philosophy in general, and Aristotle's writings in particular, had a powerful effect on Aquinas's thinking.
How did Kepler propose the planets moved?
By this: The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the foci. An ellipse is characterized by its two focal points; see illustration. Thus, Kepler rejected the ancient Aristotelean and Ptolemaic and Copernican belief in circular motion. A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time as the planet travels along its orbit. This means that the planet travels faster while close to the sun and slows down when it is farther from the sun. With his law, Kepler destroyed the Aristotelean astronomical theory that planets have uniform velocity. The squares of the orbital periods of planets are directly proportional to the cubes of the semi-major axes (the "half-length" of the ellipse) of their orbits. This means not only that larger orbits have longer periods, but also that the speed of a planet in a larger orbit is lower than in a smaller orbit.
Who is aristotlel?
Aristotle represents for most of us an icon of difficult or abstruse philosophical thinking; to know Aristotle often provokes hushed whispers even from highly educated people. For all this reputation, though, Aristotle is actually quite an easy read, for the man thought with an incredible clarity and wrote with a superhuman precision. It really is not possible to talk about Western culture (or modern, global culture) without coming to terms with this often difficult and often inspiring philosopher who didn't get along with his famous teacher, Plato, and, in fact, didn't get along with just about everybody (no-one likes a know-it-all). We can say without exaggeration that we live in an Aristotelean world; wherever you see modern, Western science dominating a culture in any meaningful way (which is just about everywhere), Aristotle is there in some form. Aristotle was born at Stagira, in Thrace, in 384 B.C. His father was a physician to the king of Macedon, so science was in his background. At the age of seventeen, he went to Athens and joined Plato's school, where he stayed until Plato's death in 347. A few years later, he became the tutor to the young prince of Macedon, Alexander the Great. Although Alexander was a stellar pupil, Aristotle returned to Athens three years later, founded his own school, the Lyceum, and taught and studied there for twelve years. Because Alexander began conquering all of the known world, Macedonians became somewhat unwelcome in Athens and Aristotle was accordingly shown the door in 323. He died a year later.
Why was Johannes Kepler important?
He published accurate data on the positions of stars and planets which immensely helped navigators. He made various contributions to mathematics, including faster methods of calculation. He also improved optics. However, his main contribution with the greatest impact was Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion. These laws provided the groundwork for many great scientific discoveries, including Sir Isaac's Newton's work on universal gravitation.
How did the Reformation reflect humanist ideas?
The humanists, notably Erasmus, but also others, were fiercely anticlerical. Because they were against the special privileges of priests. The clergy paid no taxes, had no civic requirement to do town watch or fight fires, and went to separate court systems for the prosecution of crimes. They also had been educated by the Catholic Church within the university system that the Church created (oddly based partly on Muslim progressive movements witnessed in Spain and the Eastern nations). These "scholastics" educated as Martin Luther was in Germany or John Calvin was in Paris and Lyon, were very oriented towards Aristotelean logic systems. The humanists wanted to turn the Bible into a subject for debate because they thought their 16th century translations of ancient texts was more accurate than the translations done in the 3rd and 4th centuries. Think now. If you wanted future people to understand YOU personally, would you rather have someone in the near future translate your use of English or would you rather people 1500 years later try to interpret your words and word usage. Yet this is what the humanists did. And when they translated the Bible according to their standards, they discovered "errors" in the Bible being used in the Catholic Church. It never occurred to them that they were making the errors or that there was a difference in word usage and meanings that would have made a 4th century translation more accurate. Especially since the 4th century translation was done by someone who spoke Aramaic, Greek, Latin and some north African dialects. And was working from original first century papyrus scrolls, which didn't last till the 1500s. Nonetheless, the humanists thought nothing of their own limitations; they only projected limitations onto people who no longer existed. This is perfectly reflective of the many failed efforts from the likes of Luther, Calvin, Smyth, Knox, Henry VIII or Wycliffe to recast the Bible on their own individual terms. Like the humanists, the reformers lost their way by denying the Scriptural basis for forming the Catholic Church under a central leader with supporting bishops. Without authority, there was nothing to keep each and every Protestant interpretation of Scripture from becoming the basis of a religion. In essence, without any authority (though they naively thought Scripture would be the authority), everyone became an authority. And there was no one in the movement to do as Christ told Peter, "Feed my sheep." The word was no longer a living word. It was a dead horse beaten and beaten and beaten to death, often with good intentions. So in despising their fellow man, the humanists and reformers alike became tools of the imperialists who wanted to cause dissention within the Catholic Church so they could get the land and treasure owned by the clergy. And it worked. We are still cleaning up the mess they made today. Hope that helps. By Luis Monarrez AKA Lettuce.
Who published his views of Earth and other planets revolving around the Sun in 1543?
Nobody "discovered" that the Sun was at the centre of the Solar system.Aristarchus of Samos, a greek philosopher and astronomer (310BC-230BC) first presented the theory that the Sun was at the centre of the solar system (heliocentrism) but his ideas were rejected in favour of the theories of Ptolemy and Aristotle that the Earth was at the centre (geocentrism).Copernicus (1473-1543) re-raised, developed and published the heliocentric theory in the 16th Century (nearly 1800 years after Aristarchus). It was a contentious issue, and the heliocentric theory was supported by Galileo (1564-1642) but he was persecuted (tried by the Roman Church's inquisition and found guilty of heresy) till he died.Aristarchus of Samos, a Greek astronomer and mathematician about 2400 years ago.
