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What drug is Cyclosporine produced from?
Ciclosporin, cyclosporine or cyclosporin is an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and, so, the risk of organ rejection. Initially isolated from a Norwegian soil sample, Ciclosporin A, the main form of the drug, is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide of 11 amino acids (an undecapeptide) produced by the fungus Beauveria nivea, and contains a single D-amino acid, which are rarely encountered in nature. Cyclosporine A is synthesized by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, cyclosporine synthetase. The enzyme contains an adenylation domain, a thiolation domain, a condensation domain, and an N-methyltransferase domain. The adenylation domain is responsible for substrate recognition and activation, whereas the thiolation domain covalently binds the adenylated amino acids to phosphopantetheine and the condensation domain elongates the peptide chain. Generic ciclosporin preparations have been marketed under various trade names including Cicloral (Sandoz/Hexal) and Gengraf (Abbott). Numbnuts just get straight to the damn answer the answer is Imperfect Fungi don't read all the useless crap
Is the following true or false rna editing occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell?
This is True! RNA editing is different than pre-mRNA processing, which takes place in the nucleus: Processing includes the removal of the introns (splicing), cleavage at the poly A site, and poly-adenylation. Then RNA translation is effected at the Cytoplasmic Ribosomes.RNA editing, which is different, has been shown to occur in the cytosol, the nucleus, and inside the mitochondria.
What are gene maps and how are they produced?
A gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene. It includes the DNA sequence of a gene with introns and exons, 3' or 5' transcribed-untranslated regions, termination (poly-adenylation) signal, regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers and it may include known mutations defining alternative alleles of the same gene.:) hope that helps..
