Modified, as in 'the newly modified roof'.
No, adjective clauses modify nouns. The only things adjectives modify are nouns and pronouns.
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. (it can also modify a noun phrase or clause)
An adjective describes a noun.
modified
Yes. An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
An adjective can only modify a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase. It cannot modify a verb, adverb, adjective, or other part of speech...or it would not be acting as an adjective.
An adverb can modify or describe a verb.
Yes, adverbs can modify adjectives.
An Adverb usually modifies a Verb, but it can sometimes modify and Adjective.
No, it cannot. But an adverb can modify an adjective (e.g. almost bald) or another adverb (e.g. almost completely).
No. Thoughtfully is an adverb. The adjective form is thoughtful.
Adverb phrases modify the verb, adjective, or adverb of the sentence.