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What has the author A D Barnes written?
A. D. Barnes has written: 'The clinical value of technetium-99m scanning after renal allotransplantation'
What is the transfer of tissue or an organ between two people who are not related is called?
Allotransplantation is the transfer of tissue or an organ between two people who are not related (genetically different).
What is a xenotransplant?
Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another such as from pigs to humans. Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts (xenotransplants). The term allotransplantation refers to a same-species transplant. A good example of this is a pig heart valve replacement in a person who has a diseased heart valve.
What is the proces of using animal organs for transplants in humans?
The theory of using animal organs in human transplants is called Xenotransplantation. (Whereas using human organs in human transplants is called Allotransplantation). Xenotransplants are incredibly rare, since the outcomes are nowhere near as good as allotransplants, and the risks are far greater.
What is xenotransplation?
The correct word you might be looking for is "xenotransplantation" (xeno-transplant-ation). Xenotransplantation is taking live cells or tissue from one species and transplanting them into another species.. for example, transplanting a heart valve from a pig into a human. You can find more info on it by looking up "medical grafting". When a transplant comes from a human and goes into another human, as in a liver or heart transplant, it's called "allotransplantation".
What animals can be used for organ transplants?
No animal livers are routinely used for human liver transplants, due to xenotransplantation being significantly more risky than allotransplantation. There is research into how to make organs from pigs more "humanised" for future use in transplantation, but as of yet these organs are nowhere near ready for use in routine transplantation surgery.
What are the disadvantages of using animation?
Well, the huge disadvantage is that they do not work when used for animal-to-human transplantation (xenotransplantation), compared to allotransplantation (human-to-human). The other main disadvantage is the risk of transmitting diseases from animals to humans. Please see related link on xenotransplantation for further details.
What animal and human organs can be transplanted to humans?
Human to Human (allotransplantation):Transplantable organs include: heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and thymus.Transplantable tissues include: Bone, skin, corneas, heart valves, intestines, veins, and tendons.Animal to Human(xenotransplantation):Insulin-producing pig cells, wrapped in seaweed to avoid immune attack, have been tested on human diabetics in Russia.The results were encouraging, and the procedure is approved for sale in Russia. However, it will probably be some time before other countries approve this, or any xenograft procedures.Dangers of xenotransplantation:Heightened risk of rejection of organs, tissues, and cells, and vascular rejection.Significant risks of disease, especially of retro (ancient) viruses, to the recipients.Religious objections.Ethical issues: risk of genetic alteration of the animal organs and tissues.
Can humans survive with a pigs heart?
Transplanting organs from animals to humans (xenotransplantation, pronounced "zee-no-transplantation") is rarely performed in real life. However the "theme" of xenotransplantation seems to be quite prevalent in fictional novels/tv series which to some extent spreads the public misconception that it is a common occurrence. Xenotransplantation is rarely performed, since at a basic level, it just does not work. The organs do not perform nearly as well as a human-to-human transplanted organ (referred to as "allotransplantation", but often shortened to just "transplantation". "Allo" indicates that the organ is from the same species as the recipient). Is the vast majority of cases, a xenograft (the organ used in a xenotransplant) will either fail to function, or reject within a few days of the operation. This is one reason why they are extremely rarely used. The situation in which you may hear of an animal organ being used is when a patient is absolutely critically ill, and a time-gap (of around 2 or 3 days) has to be bridged until a suitable human organ can be found. These cases happen exceedingly rarely; in many cases skilled transplant surgeons would not even contemplate/ be given the official clearance to perform this procedure, due to the problems with medical ethics and sourcing of the suitable animal organ at short notice. Even in situations with critically-ill patients, xenotransplantation is an incredibly uncommon occurrence. Xenotransplantation is currently never used as a "permanent" solution - that's what allotransplantation is used for. To answer your question specifically, with current medical advances it still would not be a good idea to have a xenotransplant of a pig heart, since there is a huge risk of it not functioning properly, or rejecting. For the time being, stick to human organs. There is currently research into how to make organs from animals (mainly pigs and sheep) "humanised" for use in transplantation, so that the rate of organ rejection is minimised. But this is still very early research. These organs are nowhere near ready for any practical use in transplantation. And even if they were of practical use, the option of an allotransplant would still be around for a long time subsequently. For more information, please see related link.
What are the disadvantages of using animal organs?
Well, the huge disadvantage is that they do not work when used for animal-to-human transplantation (xenotransplantation), compared to allotransplantation (human-to-human). The other main disadvantage is the risk of transmitting diseases from animals to humans. Please see related link on xenotransplantation for further details.
List and repudiate five common myths concerning organ transplantation?
-That animal organs are frequently used for human transplants: they are not. Xenotransplantation rarely works and carries far greater risks than allotransplantation. - That the recipient will take on some of the donor's personality or traits: This is not considered "normal" or even commonplace in transplantation surgery. Sometimes odd cases do make the news of recipients who take on characteristics of their donors. However, dietary and personality changes can quite easily be related to necessary post-transplant medications. In particular, cortecosteroids can result in huge changes in dietary habits, and mood swings/impulsiveness. It is also slightly psychologically natural to feel "close" to a person who is in effect keeping you alive, even if you may never have met them. - Children are a higher transplantation priority: not necessarily. Organs go to those who are in greatest need and are a correct match. But few children need to be transplanted compared to adults, there is normally enough child-sized donors to cope, and also adult organs can be scaled down for someone smaller (but not scaled up). Hence it sometimes appears children are being transplanted before adults, when it's really just a case of using what organs are available. -As soon as you have a transplant, that's it. You're cured. : Nope, maintenance of the transplanted organ is just as crucial as having a transplant to begin with. You'll probably still need to make a few small lifestyle adjustments in order to maintain a good general health. - You can only get organ failure (and require a transplant) as the result of living a terrible lifestyle: Best to point out genetics, auto-immune disorders, accident/injury, congenital defects, viral infections etc...
Should humans use other animals for organ transplant?
It is rare, but it does happen that animal tissue is either implanted or used in such a way to replace an organ or machine temporarily to procure treatment or prolong survival. It is quite reasonable to assume that there is a much higher survival rate with human to human transplants than animal to human transplant, this is because the cells between humans are very similar however the cells from other species are drastically different. There are many reasons why you should or should not use animal organs. One of the biggest dangers is that a virus would pass from animal to human much like a number of other viruses we have seen in the past. The answer also depends on a certain factor. If the question was "Should humans use other animals for organ transplants now" it would have to be no. There are too many risks involved and not enough testing. When the first human transplants took place a lot of lives were saved but a lot more lives were lost due to the lack of information. In the future however this may become a viable option, organs may be able to be taken from animals. The question you proposed though is 'should'. This depends on the ethical concerns of taking something from someone else without permission, but an animal cannot give permission. One of the oldest philosophies in the world is to, "Eat what you Kill." That doesn't necessarily mean animals, it can also mean plants as well. If we were to use that philosophy, then as long as the animal didn't suffer and we consumed it, then there is no reason not to use the organ for transplant, in fact it would be more ethical to use the organ as it would last longer rather than eating it. Animal rights however shouldn't be taken lightly, there are a lot of others out there who believe that animals should not be abused in this manner and there are a lot of points that could be made about this. For instance, animals are of lesser intelligence, would you take a favorite toy from a child merely because you wanted to play with it? Crude but the point is simple yet brings another point to the surface. The question you'll really want to ask yourself is, "Is your life, worth more than the animals." Because eventually that is all this will boil down to. #GazzyWazzy123
