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What are the commercial applications of neem?
Neem oil is not used for cooking purposes, uses of neem include the treatment of acne, fever, leprosy, malaria, ophthalmia and tuberculosis. Various folk remedies for neem include use as an anthelmintic, antifeedant, antiseptic, diuretic, emmenagogue, contraceptive, febrifuge, parasiticide, pediculocide and insecticide. It has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of tetanus, urticaria, eczema, scrofula and erysipelas.
Is organic farming easy on the pocket and effortless?
Re: organic farming and pest control(taken from some ancient agri books&website)some thing i used for pest disease control which was written in some of the blogs of Mrs Farzana (Pakistan). "There are numerous fruit and vegetable crops with properties that with proper attention I can use to control insects and diseases.The plants that I have listed below have pesticide properties in their seeds, leaves, stalks, unripe fruit, bulbs rhizomes etc., and act by different modes of action. Each one controls different pests including: aphids, caterpillars, green bugs, fruit flies, leaf minors, red spiders, ants, slugs, house flies, mites, white flies, bacteria, scab, bowl-worm, thrips, anthracnose, hoppers, scales, termites, thrips, mosaic virus, powder mildew etc.The useful part of a plant can easily be collected and used as a natural pesticide on a crop and can of course be established on a small scale in rural areas near farms. Fruit and vegetables with natural pesticide properties include: custard apple (Annona reticulata), basil (Sweet Basil) and Holy Basil, chillies (Capsicum frutes), (Fam. Sollanacea), garlic (Allium Sativum) (F. Lilacae), ginger (Zingber officiate) (FM. Zingiberatase), neem, papaya (Carcia papaya), tobacco (Nictana tabacum, Nicotana, Rustica) and nicotana glutnosa (Fam. Ziberacease).Plants that control Insects:Pest control plants should possess the following characteristics:Be effective at the rate of a maximum of 3-5% plant material based on dry weightBe easy to grow, require little space and time for cultivation and procurementBe perennial, recover quickly after the material is harvestedNot become weed or a host to plant pathogen or insect pestPossess complementary economic usesPose no hazard to non-target organisms, wild life, humans or environmentBe easy to harvest preparation should be simple, not too time consuming or requiring excessive technical inputApplication should not be phytotoxic or decrease the quality of crop, e.g. taste or textureBelow is a list of useful agricultural species, their pesticide properties and the method of preparation:Soursop Custard apple (Annona reticulata)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: seeds, leaves, unripe fruitMode of action: Contact and stomach problem, ovicidal, insecticidal, repellent, antifeedent and antinematode.Target pests: aphid, caterpillars, green bug and Mediterranean fruit fly.Preparation: 500 grams of custard apple leaves, boil in 2 ½ litres of water, until only 1/4 of the original is left, then dilute this mixture into 15-20 litres of water. This is good enough for one hectare.Basil Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilium), Holy Basil (Ocimum Sanctum)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: leaves and stemMode of action: repellent, insecticidal, fungitoxic and molluscicidol.Target pests: fruit fly, leaf miners, red spider and mites.Preparation: 100g basil leaves dipped in to 1 litre of water. This should be soaked overnight in water. Filter the mixture and add 1ml of liquid soap, stir properly. Dilute into 10-15 litres of water.ChilliesPlant parts with insect controlling properties: fruitMode of action: stomach position insecticidal, repellent, antifeedent, fumigant-viroid.Target pests: ants, aphid, caterpillars and slugs.Preparation: 500g of chillies, dip into 3 litres of water for 10-15 minutes. Add 30g of soap as sticker. Add 3 more litres of water, filter and then spray the plants. One can add tobacco, garlic, onion, citrus, alcohol, neem and lime.Garlic Allium Sativum (Fam. Lilaceqe)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: bulbsMode of action: insecticidal, repellent, antifeedent, fungicidalnematocidal and is effective against ticks.Target pest: aphids, house flies, mites, white fly, bacteria, cucumber and scab.Preparation: 3 bulbs of garlic, ground finely, add some kerosene, keep for 2 days. Add 1 table-spoon of soap powder, stir and filter and add 15-20 litres of water.Ginger Zingiber officiale (Fam. Zingiberacae)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: rhizomeMode of action: repellent, insecticidal, nematocidal and fungicidal.Target pests: American bowl worms, aphid, thrips, white fly, and mango anthracnose.Preparation: 500g of crushed garlic add 10ml of kerosene oil kept overnight. Next day remove outer skin of ginger and make ginger paste. In another vessel add 100g green chillies, mixed with 50ml of water and add 30g of liquid soap as emulsifier. Solution is stirred and filtered and 10-15 ml of water added.Neem.Plant parts with insect controlling properties: seeds and leavesMode of action: insecticidal, repellent, antifeedant acaricidal, growth inhibiting nematocidal, fungicidal, anti-viral. Neem compounds act mainly as stomach poison and systemic.Target pests: American boll-worms, ants, deserts, locust, leaf hoppers, leaf miners, mites, scales, termites, thrips, white fly.Preparation: 1 kg of neem leaves dipped into 2 litres of water and left overnight. Boil it 15-20 minutes until 1/4 is left. Dilute with 10-15ml of water.Papaya Carcia papayaPlant parts with insect controlling properties: leaves, seed, unripe fruitMode of action: flower thrips and fruit fly.Target pests: mosaic virus and powdery mildew.Preparation: 1 kg of finely shredded leaves, placed in 1 litre of water and squeezed through a cloth. Take 1 litre of soap solution, dilute it in 10-15 ml water.Tobacco Nicotana tabacum, Nicotana Rustica, Nicotana glutnosa, and Fam. SolanaceaePlant parts with insect controlling properties: leaves and stalkMode of action: insecticida, repellent, fungicidal, acaricidal contact, and stomach.Target pests: aphids, caterpillars, leaf miners, mites and thrips.Preparation: boil 4 litres of water, add ½ kg of tobacco leaves and 1 table spoon of lime. Dilute it with 10-15 litres of water.Tumeric Curcum domstica (Fam. Zigiberaceoe)Plant parts with insect controlling propertie: rhizomeMode of action: repellent, insecticidal and antifungal.Target pests: aphids, caterpillars, mites and rice leaf hoppers.Preparation: 500g of turmeric rhizomes chopped and soaked overnight, dilute into 2 litres of water and again dilute into another 10-15ml of water.The RationaleThe purpose of introducing pesticide free fruits and vegetables is to increase the support and significance of natural crop protection and sustainable organic agriculture. It provides links with approaches and methodologies that allow growers to put basic information into practice. Ultimately this will provide farmers with the experience and confidence needed to make the best use of the resource available to them and to use this knowledge to farm sustainably.Commercial scale applicationsThe plant species listed in this article are grown in Asia in abundance but have never been tried on a commercial scale. Even neem that is known to control numerous insects, pests, fungi, nematodes and viral diseases is still used and processed in a very primitive manner. A solution has to be found for its commercial scale applications and extraction of pesticide properties of plants on a much larger scale.Information deficiencyThere is demand world over for pesticide free food, but the information on the various natural pesticides is lacking and therefore, these methods are little used in India ,Pakistan and other developing countries. This is partly due to the fact that processing techniques have not been fully understood. The process of extraction is known theoretically, but large scale production has not yet made any headway, although there is great scope for export opportunities.Nurturing successIn order to produce fruit and vegetables using sustainable locally produced inputs we need to identify constraints of crop production. We also need to develop an appropriate training course on Integrated Pest Management for the target smallholders farming system. Ultimately this strategy will help to boost farmers economy through the increased export of high value 'non toxic' food produce.Small farmers will benifited by this method.Mrs.Farzana Panhwar in Pakistan has used this all and also i followed this method nicely in Uganda.This credit goes to Mrs .Farzana who inspired me and i have succesessfuly used this all natural pesticides. Email: overall.organic@gmail.comYAHOO: bbkewalramsWebsite: http://www.mayanafarms.comRe: organic farming and pest control(taken from some ancient agri books&website)some thing i used for pest disease control wich was written some of the blogs of Mrs Farzana (Pakistan)."There are numerous fruit and vegetable crops with properties that with proper attention I can use to control insects and diseases.The plants that I have listed below have pesticide properties in their seeds, leaves, stalks, un-ripe fruit, bulbs rhizomes etc., and act by different modes of action. Each one controls different pests including: aphids, caterpillars, green bugs, fruit flies, leaf minors, red spiders, ants, slugs, house flies, mites, white flies, bacteria, scab, bowl-worm, thrips, anthracnose, hoppers, scales, termites, thrips, mosaic virus, powder mildew etc.The useful part of a plant can easily be collected and used as a natural pesticide on a crop and can of course be established on a small scale in rural areas near farms. Fruit and vegetables with natural pesticide properties include: custard apple (Annona reticulata), basil (Sweet Basil) and Holy Basil, chillies (Capsicum frutes), (Fam. Sollanacea), garlic (Allium Sativum) (F. Lilacae), ginger (Zingber officiate) (FM. Zingiberatase), neem, papaya (Carcia papaya), tobacco (Nictana tabacum, Nicotana, Rustica) and nicotana glutnosa (Fam. Ziberacease).Insect-controlling plantsPest control plants should posses the following characteristics:Be effective at the rate of a maximum of 3-5% plant material based on dry weightBe easy to grow, require little space and time for cultivation and procurementBe perennial, recover quickly after the material is harvestedNot become weed or a host to plant pathogen or insect pestPossess complementary economic usesPose no hazard to non-target organisms, wild life, humans or environmentBe easy to harvest preparation should be simple, not too time consuming or requiring excessive technical inputApplication should not be phyto-toxic or decrease the quality of crop, e.g. taste or textureBelow is a list of useful agricultural species, their pesticide properties and the method of preparation:Soursop Custard apple (Annona reticulata)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: seeds, leaves, unripe fruitMode of action: Contact and stomach problem, ovicidal, insecticidal, repellent, antifeedent and antinematode.Target pests: aphid, caterpillars, green bug and Mediterranean fruit fly.Preparation: 500 grams of custard apple leaves, boil in 2 ½ litres of water, until only 1/4 of the original is left, then dilute this mixture into 15-20 litres of water. This is good enough for one hectare.Basil Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilium), Holy Basil (Ocimum Sanctum)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: leaves and stemMode of action: repellent, insecticidal, fungitoxic and mollu scicidol.Target pests: fruit fly, leaf miners, red spider and mites.Preparation: 100g basil leaves dipped in to 1 litre of water. This should be soaked overnight in water. Filter the mixture and add 1ml of liquid soap, stir properly. Dilute into 10-15 litres of water.ChilliesPlant parts with insect controlling properties: fruitMode of action: stomach position insecticidal, repellent, antifeedent, fumigant-viroid.Target pests: ants, aphid, caterpillars and slugs.Preparation: 500g of chillies, dip into 3 litres of water for 10-15 minutes. Add 30g of soap as sticker. Add 3 more litres of water, filter and then spray the plants. One can add tobacco, garlic, onion, citrus, alcohol, neem and lime.Garlic Allium Sativum (Fam. Lilaceqe)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: bulbsMode of action: insecticidal, repellent, antifeedent, fungicidalnematocidal and is effective against ticks.Target pest: aphids, house flies, mites, white fly, bacteria, cucumber and scab.Preparation: 3 bulbs of garlic, ground finely, add some kerosene, keep for 2 days. Add 1 table-spoon of soap powder, stir and filter and add 15-20 litres of water.Ginger Zingiber officiale (Fam. Zingiberacae)Plant parts with insect controlling properties: rhizomeMode of action: repellent, insecticidal, nematocidal and fungicidal.Target pests: American bowl worms, aphid, thrips, white fly, and mango anthracnose.Preparation: 500g of crushed garlic add 10ml of kerosene oil kept overnight. Next day remove outer skin of ginger and make ginger paste. In another vessel add 100g green chillies, mixed with 50ml of water and add 30g of liquid soap as emulsifier. Solution is stirred and filtered and 10-15 ml of water added.Neem.Plant parts with insect controlling properties: seeds and leavesMode of action: insecticidal, repellent, antifeedant acaricidal, growth inhibiting nematocidal, fungicidal, anti-viral. Neem compounds act mainly as stomach poison and systemic.Target pests: American boll-worms, ants, deserts, locust, leaf hoppers, leaf miners, mites, scales, termites, thrips, white fly.Preparation: 1 kg of neem leaves dipped into 2 litres of water and left overnight. Boil it 15-20 minutes until 1/4 is left. Dilute with 10-15ml of water.Papaya Carcia papayaPlant parts with insect controlling properties: leaves, seed, unripe fruitMode of action: flower thrips and fruit fly.Target pests: mosaic virus and powdery mildew.Preparation: 1 kg of finely shredded leaves, placed in 1 litre of water and squeezed through a cloth. Take 1 litre of soap solution, dilute it in 10-15 ml water.Tobacco Nicotana tabacum, Nicotana Rustica, Nicotana glutnosa, and Fam. SolanaceaePlant parts with insect controlling properties: leaves and stalkMode of action: insecticida, repellent, fungicidal, acaricidal contact, and stomach.Target pests: aphids, caterpillars, leaf miners, mites and thrips.Preparation: boil 4 litres of water, add ½ kg of tobacco leaves and 1 table spoon of lime. Dilute it with 10-15 litres of water.Tumeric Curcum domstica (Fam. Zigiberaceoe)Plant parts with insect controlling propertie: rhizomeMode of action: repellent, insecticidal and antifungal.Target pests: aphids, caterpillars, mites and rice leaf hoppers.Preparation: 500g of turmeric rhizomes chopped and soaked overnight, dilute into 2 litres of water and again dilute into another 10-15ml of water.The RationaleThe purpose of introducing pesticide free fruits and vegetables is to increase the support and significance of natural crop protection and sustainable organic agriculture. It provides links with approaches and methodologies that allow growers to put basic information into practice. Ultimately this will provide farmers with the experience and confidence needed to make the best use of the resource available to them and to use this knowledge to farm sustainably.Commercial scale applicationsThe plant species listed in this article are grown in Asia in abundance but have never been tried on a commercial scale. Even neem that is known to control numerous insects, pests, fungi, nematodes and viral diseases is still used and processed in a very primitive manner. A solution has to be found for its commercial scale applications and extraction of pesticide properties of plants on a much larger scale.Information deficiencyThere is demand world over for pesticide free food, but the information on the various natural pesticides is lacking and therefore, these methods are little used in India ,Pakistan and other developing countries. This is partly due to the fact that processing techniques have not been fully understood. The process of extraction is known theoretically, but large scale production has not yet made any headway, although there is great scope for export opportunities.Nurturing successIn order to produce fruit and vegetables using sustainable locally produced inputs we need to identify constraints of crop production. We also need to develop an appropriate training course on Integrated Pest Management for the target smallholders farming system. Ultimately this strategy will help to boost farmers economy through the increased export of high value 'non toxic' food produce.Small farmers will benifited by this method.Mrs.Farzana Panhwar in Pakistan has used this all and also i followed this method nicely in Uganda.This credit goes to Mrs .Farzana who inspired me and i have succesessfuly used this all natural pesticides. Email: overall.organic@gmail.comYAHOO: bbkewalramsWebsite: http://www.mayanafarms.com
