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An apolipoprotein is a protein which can bind with a lipid to form a lipoprotein.
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What has the author Wesley D Leung written?
Wesley D. Leung has written: 'The role of apolipoprotein D in vascular smooth muscle cell migration'
What has the author Kathleen L Wyne written?
Kathleen L. Wyne has written: 'Regulation of apolipoprotein E synthesis in rat ovarian granulosa cells'
What has the author Changiz Taghibiglou written?
Changiz Taghibiglou has written: 'Molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B in hamster liver and its overproduction in insulin resistant states'
What does the medical abbreviation APO mean?
APO can be short for apolipoprotein or, in the British spelling, acute pulmonary oedema. It can also mean as per ordered.APO = Take medication with food. NPO means no food.
How frequent is the Apolipoprotein gene related to poor recovery from head injuries like concussions?
As you might be aware, it's rather difficult to attain enough brain tissue samples from surviving traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in order to conduct a proper populations study. However, 30% of all TBI fatalities have been found to contain APP deposits. See link below.
How do you find out if you have apolipoprotein?
All people, and animals, have apolipoproteins. These are a family of proteins that perform many functions in your body. Most help carry fats throughout your bloodstream and are related to your cholesterol level. Some apolipoproteins have been linked to diseases, depending on the particular variant of protein. For example, apoE may be related to Alzheimer's dementia and apoA-I may be protective against heart disease. A doctor may be able to order a laboratory test to determine the variant of a certain protein you have. However, it may be expensive, unavailable or unnecessary.
What do lipase in the large intestines do?
The chylomicrons are capable of transporting dietary triacyglycerols from the intestine to peripheral tissues. The liloprotein lipases can hydrolyze triacylglycerols. The remnants are then taken up by the liver with the aid of the apolipoprotein apoE and these remants are degraded in the liver.The very low density lipoprotein tansports triacyglycerols from the liver to peripheral tissues instead. When it is hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase, it loses the triacyglycerols and gets transformed into low density lipoproteins.
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia?
DefinitionFamilial dysbetalipoproteinemia is a disorder passed down through families in which there are high amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.Alternative NamesType III hyperlipoproteinemia; Deficient or defective apolipoprotein ECauses, incidence, and risk factorsA genetic defect causes this condition. The defect results in the buildup of large lipoprotein particles that contain both cholesterol and triglycerides, a type of fat. The disease is linked to defects in the gene for apolipoprotein E in many cases.Hypothyroidism, obesity, or diabetes can make the condition worse. Risk factors for familial dysbetalipoproteinemia include a family history of the disorder or coronary artery disease.SymptomsSymptoms may not be seen until age 20 or older.Yellow deposits of fatty material in the skin called xanthomas may appear on the eyelids, palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or on the tendons of the knees and elbows.Atherosclerosisdevelops at an early age. There may be early chest pain (angina) or decreased blood flow to specific parts of the body, causing transient ischemic attacks of the brain or peripheral artery disease with claudication.Signs and testsTests that may be done to diagnose this condition include:AngiogramGenetic testing for apolipoprotein E (apoE)Heart stress testTotal cholesterolTriglyceride levelVery low density lipoprotein (VLDL) testTreatmentThe goal of treatment is to control underlying conditions such as obesity, hypothyroidism, and diabetes.Reducing calories, saturated fats, and cholesterol may significantly reduce cholesterol levels.See also: Heart disease and dietIf high cholesterol and triglyceride levels continue despite diet changes, your doctor may recommend medication to lower your triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Medicine to lower blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels include:Bile acid-sequestering resinsFibrates (gemfibrozil, fenofibrate)Nicotinic acidStatinsExpectations (prognosis)People with this condition have an increased risk for coronary artery disease and peripheral vasculardisease.With treatment, most people show a significant reduction in lipid levels.ComplicationsHeart attackStrokePeripheral vascular diseaseIntermittent claudicationGangrene of the lower extremitiesCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have been diagnosed with this disorder and:New symptoms developSymptoms do not improve with treatmentSymptoms get worsePreventionScreening the family members of those with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia may lead to early detection and treatment.Early treatment and avoiding other risk factors for vascular disease (such as smoking) are crucial to preventing early heart attacks, strokes, and blocked blood vessels.ReferencesMahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Bersot TP. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 36.Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 217.
What are some words that have the root poli- in it?
5-letter wordspolio, polis6-letter wordspolice, policy, poling, polios, polish, polite, polity7-letter wordscipolin, policed, polices, politer, politic, tripoli8-letter wordscipolins, depolish, impolicy, impolite, policies, policing, polished, polisher, polishes, politely, politest, politick, politico, politics, polities, propolis, repolish, spoliate, tripolis, unpolite9-letter wordsacropolis, duopolies, impolitic, necropoli, nonpolice, policeman, policemen, polishers, polishing, politburo, politesse, political, politicks, politicos, scapolite, spoliated, spoliates, spoliator, unpoliced10-letter wordsantipolice, apolitical, cosmopolis, depolished, depolishes, hypolimnia, impolicies, impolitely, metropolis, monopolies, monopolise, monopolist, monopolize, necropolis, poliovirus, politburos, politeness, politesses, politician, politicise, politicize, politicked, politicker, politicoes, propolises, repolished, repolishes, scapolites, spoliating, spoliation, spoliators, trampoline, unpolished11-letter wordsacropolises, cosmopolite, depolishing, duopolistic, geopolitics, hypolimnion, impolitical, impoliticly, megalopolis, monopolised, monopolises, monopolists, monopolized, monopolizer, monopolizes, oligopolies, outpolitick, pitchpoling, policewoman, policewomen, politically, politicians, politicised, politicises, politicized, politicizes, politickers, politicking, realpolitik, repolishing, spoliations, superpolite, trampoliner, trampolines, unpolitical12-letter wordsantipolitics, apolitically, bibliopolist, cosmopolises, cosmopolitan, cosmopolites, depoliticize, despoliation, geopolitical, impoliteness, metropolises, metropolitan, monopolising, monopolistic, monopolizers, monopolizing, necropolises, nonpolitical, outpoliticks, policyholder, polioviruses, politenesses, politicalize, politicising, politicizing, realpolitiks, trampoliners, trampolining, trampolinist, valpolicella13-letter wordsantipolitical, bibliopolists, cosmopolitans, cosmopolitism, depoliticized, depoliticizes, despoliations, geopolitician, impolitically, megalopolises, megalopolitan, metropolitans, nonpolitician, oligopolistic, outpoliticked, policyholders, poliomyelitis, politicalized, politicalizes, semipolitical, trampolinings, trampolinists, valpolicellas14-letter wordsantimonopolist, apolipoprotein, cosmopolitisms, depoliticizing, geopolitically, geopoliticians, impolitenesses, megalopolitans, monopolization, nonpolitically, nonpoliticians, outpoliticking, politicalizing, politicization, sociopolitical15-letter wordsantimonopolists, apolipoproteins, cosmopolitanism, monopolizations, nonmetropolitan, poliomyelitides, politicizations16-letter wordscosmopolitanisms, depoliticization, monopolistically, nonmetropolitans, politicalization17-letter wordsdepoliticizations, politicalizations
What disease can you get from lack of Vitamin C?
Scurvy is the main one. It's not very common now, but it was a big problem back when sailors would be off at sea for months with no access to fresh fruits or vegetables. This is a reputable source with more information on scurvy: <http://dermnetnz.org/systemic/scurvy.html>
Is Alzheimer's disease hereditary?
Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) or early-onset Alzheimer's is an inherited, rare form of the disease, affecting less than 10 percent of Alzheimer's disease patients. FAD develops before age 65, in people as young as 35. It is caused by one of three gene mutations on chromosomes 1, 14 and 21. If even one of these mutated genes is inherited from a parent, the person will almost always develop FAD. All offspring in the same generation have a 50/50 chance of developing FAD if one parent has it. The majority of Alzheimer's disease cases are late-onset, usually developing after age 65. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease has no known cause and shows no obvious inheritance pattern. However, in some families, clusters of cases are seen. Although a specific gene has not been identified as the cause of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, genetic factors do appear to play a role in the development of this form of the disease. A gene called Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) appears to be a risk factor for the late-onset form of AD. There are three forms of this gene: ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4. Roughly one in four Americans has ApoE4 and one in twenty has ApoE2. While inheritance of ApoE4 increases the risk of developing AD, ApoE2 substantially protects against the disease. Scientists believe that several other genes may influence development of Alzheimer's disease. Two of these genes, UBQLN1 and SORL1, are located on chromosomes 9 and 11. Researchers have also identified three genes on chromosome 10, one of which produces an insulin degrading enzyme that may contribute to the disease. Genetic risk factors alone are not enough to cause the late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease, so researchers are actively exploring education, diet and environment to learn what role they might play in the development of this disease.
Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome?
DefinitionBassen-Kornzweig syndrome is a rare, inherited disease in which a person is unable to fully absorb dietary fats through the intestines.Alternative NamesAbetalipoproteinemia; Acanthocytosis; Apolipoprotein B deficiencyCauses, incidence, and risk factorsBassen-Kornzweig syndrome is an autosomal recessivecondition that more often affects males, but can also affect girls. It is caused by a defect in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene.The defect makes the body unable to create lipoproteins (molecules of fatcombined with protein). Persons with this condition are unable to properly digest fat and essential vitamins.SymptomsBalance and coordination difficultiesCurvature of spineDecreased vision that gets worse over timeDevelopmental delayFailure to thrive (grow) in infancyMuscle weaknessPoor muscle coordination that usually develops after age 10Protruding abdomenSlurred speechStool abnormalities, including: Fatty stools that appear pale in colorFrothy stoolsAbnormally foul-smelling stoolsSigns and testsThere may be damage to the retina of the eye (retinitis pigmentosa).Tests that may be done to help diagnose this condition include:Apolipoprotein B blood testBlood tests to look for vitamin deficiencies (fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K)Complete blood count (CBC)Cholesterol studiesElectromyographyEye examNerve conduction velocityStool sample analysisGenetic testing may be available for mutations in the MTP gene.TreatmentConsult a nutritionist or other medical professional for dietary instruction. Large doses of vitamin supplements containing the fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K) are given. Vitamin E especially helps to restore lipoproteins. Linoleic acid supplements are also recommended.To avoid intestinal symptoms, do not eat long-chain triglycerides and limit your fat intake to 5 - 20 grams per day. Your diet should contain no more than 5 daily ounces of lean meat, fish, or poultry. Use skim milk instead of whole milk.Because everyone needs a certain amount of fat for normal growth and development, medium-chain triglycerides are alternatively used as the major source of fat in the diet. Because these fats are absorbed from the gut differently than other fats, they can help patients avoid intestinal symptoms.Medium-chain triglycerides are taken as a dietary supplement, typically under the supervision of a doctor or nutritionist. They should be used with caution because they may cause liver damage.Expectations (prognosis)The outcome depends on the degree and progression of brain/nervous system (neurological) and visual problems. Severe forms of the disease lead to irreversible neurologic disease before age 30.ComplicationsBlindnessMental deteriorationLoss of function of peripheral nerves, uncoordinated movement (ataxia)Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if your infant or child has symptoms of this disease. Genetic counseling can help families understand the condition and the risks of inheriting it, and learn how to care for the patient.PreventionHigh doses of fat-soluble vitamins may slow the progression of some problems, such as retina damage and decreased vision.ReferencesRodriguez-Oquendo A, Kwiterovich Jr PO. Dyslipidemias. In: Fernandes J, Saudubray J-M, van den Berghe G, Walter JH, eds. Inborn metabolic diseases: diagnosis and treatment. Germany: Springer; 2006:400-401.
