People who favor states' rights feel that state governments can serve their people better than the national government can. State governments, they argue, should be able to fit laws and programs to the particular needs of their citizens.
the sugar planters
Jefferson's main argument is that men are given certain rights by God. The British were stomping on those rights by unfair taxation.
Government subsidies to private companies will allow those companies to export more of their goods
Democrats tend to favor more government, when dealing with domestic problems and individual and states' rights. Democrats favor legislation that regulates industry for the protection of the consumer. Democrats tend to favor some sort of government aid for those individuals who need assistance.
Those are called states' rights.
The Theory of States Rights states that the rights of the state supersedes those of the nation, that the state is part of the Union of its own will and may secede from it when it pleased.
You have all the rights afforded by the Constitution, the Congress, the States' Constitutions and the States' legislatures. You also have all the responsibilities that go along with those rights.
The 9th amendment states that all rights not listed in the Bill of Rights go to the states to decide.
Bill of rights
The accused has the rights given by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. The 14th Amendment applies those rights to the states.
One argument raised by opponents of ratification of the Constitution in 1787 was the concern that it created a strong central government that could potentially infringe on individual liberties and states' rights. They feared the absence of a Bill of Rights would leave citizens vulnerable to government overreach. Additionally, they argued that the Constitution favored the wealthy elite, undermining the principles of democracy and representation for ordinary citizens.
According to the U.S. Constitution, states' rights come naturally from the rights of the citizens in the states, who get their rights from God. The Constitution only guarantees those rights of the states and individuals that already exist. (This is how the Constitution puts it, not a modern political statement.) The only rights that the Constitution creates are rights of the Federal (U.S.) government.Another way to make this point is that whatever responsibilities are not covered by the US Constitution are left to the States, which is exactly what the 10th Amendment says.