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What is autorecloser?
An excellent explanation of transient electrical fault management is found on the site mentioned in the link below.
What is mean by auto re-closer in high voltage breaker?
Many high-voltage overhead line faults are temporary in nature -e.g. a branch hitting a line conductor during a storm. An 'autorecloser' mechanism is designed to automatically reclose a circuit breaker after it has tripped. If the fault has cleared itself, then the circuit breaker will remain closed; if not, the autorecloser mechanism can be set to reclose the circuit breaker several times (typically 3) before, finally, locking the circuit breaker open. Autoreclosers are often used in conjuction with 'sectionalisers'; these are non-load breaking switches which will disconnect sections of line towards the end of a feeder, in the hope that any fault has existed beyond that point and will be cleared before the autorecloser recloses the circuit breaker.
What are the applications of autorecloser?
An autorecloser is a feature built into a high-voltage circuit breaker. In the event of a transient fault (e.g. a tree branch hitting a conductor) to an overhead line, the circuit breaker will trip and disconnect the line. However, the autoreclosing feature will then automatically reclose the circuit breaker. If the fault has cleared itself, then the line will remain energised. If the fault persists, then the autorecloser attempt to reclose the circuit breaker a set number of times before locking the circuit breaker open.The number of times the autorecloser feature will attempt to reclose the circuit breaker, and the duration between attempts, can be set by the protection engineers.This autoreclosing feature of circuit breakers is often used in conjunction with sectionalisers. These are pole-mounted switches which are located at different points along a power line. When the circuit breaker trips, in response to a line fault, the furthest sectionaliser along the line disconnects the furthest section of line. If the fault remains when the circuit breaker then recloses, the next nearer sectionaliser disconnects the line from its location. This action continues, until the permanently-faulty section of line has been disconnected. This system tries to ensure that as much of the healthy part of the power line remains in use as possible, following a permanent fault.
What is an automatic circuit recloser?
An autorecloser is a circuit breaker equipped with a mechanism that can automatically close the breaker after it has been opened due to a fault. They are used in coordinated protection schemes for overhead line power distribution circuits. These circuits are prone to transitory faults such as nearby lightning strikes, wind-borne debris, squirrels climbing insulators, and the like. With a conventional circuit breaker or fuse, a transient fault would open the breaker or blow the fuse, disabling the line until a technician could manually reclose the circuit breaker or replace the blown fuse. But an autorecloser will make several pre-programmed attempts to re-energize the line. If the transient fault has cleared, the autorecloser's circuit breaker will remain closed and normal operation of the power line will resume. If the fault is some sort of a permanent fault (downed wires, tree branches lying on the wires, etc.) the autorecloser will exhaust its pre-programmed attempts to re-energize the line and remain tripped off until manually commanded to try again. Autoreclosers are made in single-phase and three-phase versions, and use either oil or vacuum interrupters. Controls for the reclosers range from the original electromechanical systems to digital electronics with metering and SCADA functions. The ratings of reclosers run from 40 amperes at 2400 volts up to 1200 amperes at 35000 volts.
