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A doltish or dumb person ; earphones
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What is the common price for piercings including the ring?
== == Ear Facial & Oral Earlobe $30.00 Eyebrow $50.00 Ear Cartilage $45.00 Nostril $55.00 Rook $50.00 Septum $58.00 Tragus $50.00 Tongue $60.00 Earhead $50.00 Labret $60.00 Industrial $61.00 Lip (side) $53.00 Curved Industrial $65.00 Medusa $65.00 Snug $53.00 Tongue Web $65.00 Daith $50.00 Monroe $65.00 Orbital $63.00 Conch $56.00 2-Coil Cartilage $115.00 3-Coil Cartilage $140.00 Body Navel $60.00 Nipple $60.00 Surface (Nape, etc) $80.00 Male Genital P.A. Prince Albert $65.00 Guiche $82.00 Frenum $72.00 Ampallang $82.00 Scrotum $65.00 Apadravya $82.00 Dydoe $61.00 Female Genital Clitoral Hood $58.00 Outer Labia $62.00 Inner Labia $58.00
Mastoiditis?
DefinitionMastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid bone of the skull. The mastoid is located just behind the outside ear.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsMastoiditis is usually caused by a middle ear infection (acute otitis media). The infection may spread from the ear to the mastoid bone of the skull. The mastoid bone fills with infected materials and its honeycomb-like structure may deteriorate.Mastoiditis usually affects children. Before antibiotics, mastoiditis was one of the leading causes of death in children. Now it is a relatively uncommon and much less dangerous condition.SymptomsDrainage from the earEar pain or discomfortFever, may be high or suddenly increaseHeadacheHearing lossRedness of the ear or behind the earSwelling behind ear, may cause ear to stick outSigns and testsAn examination of the head may reveal signs of mastoiditis. The following tests may show an abnormality of the mastoid bone:CTscan of the earHead CT scanSkull x-rayA culture of drainage from the ear may show bacteria.TreatmentMastoiditis may be difficult to treat because medications may not reach deep enough into the mastoid bone. It may require repeated or long-term treatment. The infection is treated with antibiotics by injection, then antibiotics by mouth.Surgery to remove part of the bone and drain the mastoid (mastoidectomy) may be needed if antibiotic therapy is not successful. Surgery to drain the middle ear through the eardrum (myringotomy) may be needed to treat the middle ear infection.Expectations (prognosis)Mastoiditis is curable with treatment. However, it may be hard to treat and may come back.ComplicationsDestruction of the mastoid boneDizziness or vertigoEpidural abscessFacial paralysisMeningitisPartial or complete hearing lossSpread of infection to the brain or throughout the bodyCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of mastoiditis.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have an ear infection that does not respond to treatment or is followed by new symptomsYour symptoms do not respond to treatmentPreventionPromptly and completely treating ear infections reduces the risk of mastoiditis.ReferencesCummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo; Mosby; 2005:3019-3020.Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2005:771.
Audiology?
Audiology is the branch of science that focuses on the study of hearing, balance, and related disorders. Audiologists are healthcare professionals who specialize in evaluating, diagnosing, and treating individuals with hearing loss and other auditory impairments. They work with patients of all ages and provide services such as hearing tests, fitting and programming of hearing aids, and rehabilitation for individuals with hearing loss.
Audiometry?
DefinitionAn audiometry exam tests your ability to hear sounds. Sounds vary based on their loudness (intensity) and the speed of sound wave vibrations (tone).Hearing occurs when sound waves stimulates the nerves of the inner ear. Eventually the sound travels along nerve pathways to the brain.Sound waves can travel to the inner ear through the ear canal, eardrum, and bones of the middle ear (air conduction), or through the bones around and behind the ear (bone conduction).The INTENSITY of sound is measured in decibels (dB):A whisper is about 20 dBLoud music (some concerts) is around 80 - 120 dBA jet engine is about 140 - 180 dBSounds greater than 85 dB can cause hearing loss after a few hours. Louder sounds can cause immediate pain, and hearing loss can develop in a very short time.The TONE of sound is measured in cycles per second (cps) or Hertz:Low bass tones range around 50 - 60 HzShrill, high-pitched tones range around 10,000 Hz or higherThe normal range of human hearing is about 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz. Some animals can hear up to 50,000 Hz. Human speech is usually 500 - 3,000 Hz.Alternative NamesAudiometry; Hearing test; Audiography (audiogram)How the test is performedThe first steps are to see whether you need an audiogram. The specific procedures may vary, but they generally involve blocking one ear at a time and checking your ability to hear whispers, spoken words, or the sound of a ticking watch.A tuning fork may be used. The tuning fork is tapped and held in the air on each side of the head to test the ability to hear by air conduction. It is tapped and placed against the mastoid bone behind each ear to test bone conduction.Audiometry provides a more precise measurement of hearing. To test air conduction, you wear earphones attached to the audiometer. Pure tones of controlled intensity are delivered to one ear at a time. You are asked to raise a hand, press a button, or otherwise indicate when you hear a sound.The minimum intensity (volume) required to hear each tone is graphed. An attachment called a bone oscillator is placed against the bone behind each ear (mastoid bone) to test bone conduction.How to prepare for the testNo special preparation is needed.How the test will feelThere is no discomfort. The length of time varies. An initial screening may take about 5 to 10 minutes. Detailed audiometry may take about 1 hour.Why the test is performedThis test can detect hearing loss at an early stage. It may also be used when you have difficulty hearing from any cause.Common causes of hearing loss include:Acoustic traumaChronic ear infectionsDiseases of the inner earHead injuryInherited conditionsMedications that can harm the inner ear, including certain antibiotics (such as neomycin or gentamycin), diuretics, and large doses of salicylates (such as aspirin)Occupational hearing lossRuptured eardrumNormal ValuesThe ability to hear a whisper, normal speech, and a ticking watch is normal.The ability to hear a tuning fork through air and bone is normal.In detailed audiometry, hearing is normal if you can hear tones from 250 Hz - 8,000 Hz at 25 dB or lower.What abnormal results meanThere are many different kinds and degrees of hearing loss. In some types, you only lose the ability to hear high or low tones, or you lose only air or bone conduction. The inability to hear pure tones below 25 dB indicates some hearing loss.The amount and type of hearing loss may give clues to the cause and outlook.The following conditions may affect test results:Acoustic neuromaAcoustic traumaAge-related hearing lossAlport syndromeLabyrinthitisMeniere's diseaseOccupational hearing lossOtosclerosisRuptured or perforated eardrumWhat the risks areThere is no risk.Special considerationsThere are many different hearing function tests. In simple screenings, the health care provider will make a loud noise and watch to see if it startles you. Detailed screenings include brainstem auditory evoked response testing (BAER). This test uses an electroencephalogram to detect brain wave activity when sounds are made.Another hearing test called otoacoustic emission testing (OAE) can be used in very young children (such as newborns) or when standard tests do not produce reliable results.ReferencesKileny PR, Zwolan TA. Diagnostic audiology. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 133.Norton SJ, Bhama PK, Perkins JA. Early detection and diagnosis of infant hearing impairment. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 190.Reviewed ByReview Date: 08/03/2010Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
