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Polar bonds exist because certain atoms have a greater pull on the electrons in a bond than other atoms. The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond is called "electronegativity". Atoms with a greater electronegativity will have a greater pull on the electrons in a bond than atoms with lower electronegativities. What this means for an electron is that it is not "shared" all that fairly. It will spend more time on the more electronegative atom than it will on the less electronegative atom (to a degree proportional to the difference in their electronegativity).

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Is A polar molecule an ion?

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