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Is Aquaspirillum itersonii gram negative or positive?
Aquaspirillum itersonii is gram-negative, as is all Proteobacteria
What is spirilli bacteria?
Spirilli bacteria are spiral-shaped bacteria that belong to the phylum Proteobacteria. They can be found in various environments including water, soil, and the human body. Some examples of spirilli bacteria include species like Spirillum volutans and Aquaspirillum serpens.
How are spirochetes and spirillum different?
Spirochetes have a spiral shape, a flexible cell wall, and motility mechanisms based on structures called axial filaments. Each axial filament is composed of fibrils extending toward each other between two layers of the cell wall. Spirochetes are very slender and difficult to see under the light microscope. They are cultivated with great difficulty (some cannot be cultivated), and their classification is based on their morphology and pathogenicity. Certain species inhabit water environments, while others are parasites of arthropods (such as ticks and lice) as well as warmblooded animals. Spirochetes include Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis, and Leptospira interrogans, the agent of leptospirosis. Spirilla have a spiral shape, a rigid cell wall, and motility mechanisms based on polar flagella. The genera Spirillum, Aquaspirillum, and Azospirillum are widely dispersed among and readily isolated from numerous environments. These organisms are aerobic bacteria wound like helices. ~ Mir Shajee
What is the difference between spirillum and spirochetes?
Spirochetes have a spiral shape, a flexible cell wall, and motility mechanisms based on structures called axial filaments. Each axial filament is composed of fibrils extending toward each other between two layers of the cell wall. Spirochetes are very slender and difficult to see under the light microscope. They are cultivated with great difficulty (some cannot be cultivated), and their classification is based on their morphology and pathogenicity. Certain species inhabit water environments, while others are parasites of arthropods (such as ticks and lice) as well as warmblooded animals. Spirochetes include Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis, and Leptospira interrogans, the agent of leptospirosis. Spirilla have a spiral shape, a rigid cell wall, and motility mechanisms based on polar flagella. The genera Spirillum, Aquaspirillum, and Azospirillum are widely dispersed among and readily isolated from numerous environments. These organisms are aerobic bacteria wound like helices.
What specific terms are used to describe the oxygen requires of bacteria?
AA = strict anaerobes: Clostridium, Sarcina, and many genera fromthe rumen of cattle, intestines and similar sites. Strict anaerobes grow only were oxygen is absent. Some are more sensitive to oxygen than others. Some species, especially those from the rumen and intestines, die rapidly when exposed to oxygen. Most Clostridium are not killed by such brief exposure but can't grow in oxygen. Some species of Clostridium can grow slowly in the presence of air. No species of Clostridium is able to produce spores when free (uncombined) oxygen is present.FA = facultative anaerobes: Escherichia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Proteus grow best in oxygen but can grow in the absence of oxygen by stealing oxygen from foods such as nitrate, sugars, and other "honorary oxygens". The result of this is production of nitrite, organic acids (lactic acid, formic acid, etc.), and other substances which are often foul-smelling. Tubes containing facultative anaerobes contain growth throughout when the bacteria are evenly distributed, but there is usually a heavier growth on the surface of the agar because they grow best in air.MA = microaerephilic: Azospirillum, Aquaspirillum, Cytophagarequire oxygen but grow best just below the surface of the agar where oxygen is reduced. This type of bacteria is relatively uncommon in laboratories because some won't grow on GST and other common media. It is difficult to find a species which will grow in a well defined band a millimeter or so below the surface to produce a mice band below the surfarce as seen here. Often the band is so near the surface that you can confuse these for aerobic species, however, they do not grow profusely on the surface of the agar like aerobic species.A = strict aerobes: Acetobacter, Arthobacter,Azomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonasgrow only on the surface of the agar where they get plenty of oxygen. Most produce a heavy growth above the agar which may be a liquid. Some bacteria produce slimes or capsules and these produce exceptional profuse growth above the agar and may burrow into the agar slightly. The liguid containing cells may run down between the walls of the tube and the agar plug, but you should not confuse this with growth.I = indifferent: Lactobaccilus, some Streptococcus, and most other milk organisms grow equally well on the surface and within the agar because they are indifferent to the oxygen level. Notice that the bacteria grow uniformly on the surface and to the bottom of tube provided the cells are distributed uniformly. The growth is similar to that of facultative anaerobes except FAs have a heavy growth of bacteria at the surface. At the surface indifferent bacteria may have barely noticeable growth of cells. We know they can grow on the surface because they do so when spread on a pertri plate. Actually, many of these bacteria require vitamines, amino acids, and other growth factors and the colonies may be tiny even on the media most suitable for them.
