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the Home tab
I think it's called the drop bar or drop screen or drop something
The toolbar above the ribbon and to the right of the Office button is called the Quick Access Toolbar. It provides quick access to frequently used commands and can be customized to add or remove commands based on individual preferences.
A set of instructions or commands is called a program.
The commands are called tags, and they have attributes within them to sort of "customize" the tags.
The menu you're referring to is called a context menu. It provides a quick way to access commonly used functions of the object without navigating through multiple menus. Context menus are customizable and can vary based on the application and the type of object you right-click on.
Instructions
A person who is frequently ill can be called "sickly" or "prone to illness."
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Sentences that use commands are called imperatives.
The "primary circuit board" for a computer is called the "Motherboard". This is the board that contains the housing and sockets for all of the coprocessors, resistors, and circuit pathways that make your computer operate. This board also contains expansion slots, in which you insert expansion cards, extending the capabilities of the system.
It is often called a macro.