Since one cannot card yarn, I assume what you're talking about is yarn spun from wool that has been carded, as opposed to combed or simply not carded at all. Carding is the process of brushing the wool prior to spinning to remove debris and tangles and to orient the individual hairs in more or less the same direction. Carded fibers are typically spun into woolen yarns (which are soft and fluffy) and combed fibers are typically spun into worsted yarns (which are smoother and harder).
Carding is part of the process that turns fiber into yarn.
A carding machine has wire teeth that comb and clean wool, cotton, or other fibers before the fibers are spun into yarn.
Without carding to remove clumps, debris, and to smooth fibers so they point in the same direction, yarn would be very lumpy and clumpy. See link below for the website of a company that spins yarn without carding.
A scribbler is the person who tends the combing machine, the first step in carding the wool. A spinner worked with the carded wool to make yarn.
There are three commercial methods of spinning yarn into the product we see at the store. They are called Ring Spun, Rotor Spun, and Friction Spun. Each method produces different results in the yarn. Increasing the elongation percent in Ring Spun yarn requires a fiber preparation method of carding (brushing). This will produce a softer, longer yarn whis is best used for knitted items.
Carding partially aligns the fibers and forms them into a thin web that is brought together as a soft, very weak rope of fibers called a carded sliver. Carding is when short wire teeth remove trash and neps (entangled clumps of short, underdeveloped fibers). Combing is used if long-staple fibers are to be spun. It produces a yarn that is superior to a carded yarn in smoothness, fineness, evenness, and strength. Combing aligns fibers in a parallel arrangement & also removes short fibers so fibers in the combed sliver will be more uniform in length.
When wool is sheared off a sheep it is tangled, full of bits of hay and manure, dirty, greasy, and smelly. Scouring (washing) takes care of most of the grease and smell and some of the dirt. Carding untangles the hairs of wool and helps to remove debris like bits of hay. When yarn is spun without carding or combing it comes out very lumpy and clumpy. Ozark Handspun Yarns are intentionally spun without carding. A link to their site below shows how yarn made from uncarded wool looks.
Yarn structure for cotton is the same as the structure for all yarn. Fibers -- from whatever source, except silk, are aligned so that they all run more or less parallel to each other. The process is called carding: this produces roving.Then the roving is spun into yarn. All fibres are now running more or less parallel to each other and twisted/ twirled together to make the yarn.
parts of carding machine
Wile Carding Mill was created in 1968.
He patented a carding engine that could convert raw cotton into yarn. He invented the spinning frame. Arkwright's achievement was to combine power, machinery, semi-skilled labor and cotton to create mass produced yarn. His skills of organization made him the creator of the modern factory system. This is how he revolutionized the textile industry.
The carding sets can be produced with 2 - 3 - 4 carding groups according to the raw material to process and to the yarn count required.The hopper feeder can be supplied with traditional or electronic basket.The condenser unit is produced with single or double rubber sleeves, with single small tape or with one small tape for each end.The tape condenser columns are suitable for high speed.The web tension is controlled by independent electric motors.A display on the electric board visualizes the metric count produced and the speed of the different units.
There are three commercial methods of spinning yarn into the product we see at the store. They are called Ring Spun, Rotor Spun, and Friction Spun. Each method produces different results in the yarn. The full question, ring spun carded and combed, refers to the fiber preparation method of carding (brushing) and combing the fibers prior to spinning, in order to form a softer yarn which is best for soft knit items. The fibers are spun in a ring arrangement making it unnecessary for extra plies, so the yarn is much finer. There is also a downside to using ring spun, because the very process that causes it to be softer also causes the yarn to be more prone to breaking.