Tzom Gedaliah
Yes
The synagogue is the Jewish place of worship, and Yom Kippur is celebrated there.
No. Between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are the "10 Days of Awe". It's a period of reflection.
Jews observe the holiday of Yom Kippur, a 25 hour fast with no food or water and a day of prayer.
September or October
Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur
Yes. See Leviticus ch.23. The entire Talmud-tractate of Yoma is about Yom Kippur.
Yom Kippur, the day of atonement, is a Jewish holiday not celebrated by Muslims.
First, we want to make sure that you don't think that Yom Kippur is a month. Yom Kippur is a single day, in the Hebrew month of Tishrei. Elul (אלול) is the month preceding Tishrei and all the days in it, including Yom Kippur.
The High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are celebrated by Jews because God commands us to celebrate them (Leviticus ch.23).