i found out that it is applying of cement
The building up of layers of sediment is known as sedimentation. This process occurs when particles of rocks, minerals, and organic matter settle and accumulate on the Earth's surface over time, forming layers of sediment. Over millions of years, these layers can become compressed and cemented together to form sedimentary rocks.
The two processes responsible for changing sediments into sedimentary rocks are compaction and cementation. Compaction occurs when the weight of the overlying layers presses down on the sediments, squeezing out water and air between them. Cementation happens when minerals dissolved in water fill in the spaces between the sediment particles, binding them together to form a solid rock.
there are several ways such as heat & pressure, melting, chemical weathering, compression, compaction & cementation, but it depends on the kind of rock it is for what process it has to go through. -Cutegirl99