the gradient of the slope The channel roughness The amount and size of bed load
The River's Velocity, Gradient, and Channel shape/roughness
These obstacles causes friction between water and rocks.This ultimately reduces the velocity of river water.The more roughness of the channel, the less the river`s velocity.
The gradient , the channel roughness, and the channel shape all effect the speed or velocity of stream flow
The river bed
G. J. Klaassen has written: 'Sediment transport and hydraulic roughness in relation to bed forms'
channel
Yes, it is the bed of a stream or river.
A channel.
Relative roughness is a measure of the surface roughness of pipe surfaces. It is the size of the roughness scaled by the diameter of the pipe or duct. Rel Roughness=e/D; where e is the measurement of the surface roughness and D is the diameter of the pipe. It is mainly used for calculating head losses in piping systems.
surface roughness tester is the machine which used to measure the roughness of the surface using probes... roughness is nothing but the frictional force applied by the surface to the adjacent surface.. if roughness increases the amount of frictional force increases..
The Absolute roughness, e, of copper is 1.5 microns The relative roughness is just e/D