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Who described his policies as dynamic conservativism and progressive moderation?
president eisenhower
Who invented Conservatism?
Nobody invented conservativism. Conservatism originated simply as preserving the status quo system without changes.
What political party is associated with the right wing?
From the center of the political spectrum to the extreme right-wing you have the Republican Party, Conservativism, Libertarianism, Fascism, and the Nazi Party.
Are conservatives considered right wingers?
In the highly simplified 1-dimensional 'right-left' model of political ideologies, conservativism is considered to be on the right.
What is considered left in politics?
In politics, "left" is synomous with liberal. In the United States, this means that Democrats are the left because they are considered to be liberal. "Right" is synomous with conservativism; and Republicans, who are considered to be the more conservative party, are the right.
What was an economic policy that advocated a reduction in government spending and cuts in personal income taxes called?
This policy varies per country, but it describes American conservativism and the Republican Party's (GOP) economic policies. An example would be the Mellon Economic Plan from the 1920s during the presidency of Calvin Coolidge.
What represents conservative ideology in Europe in the early 1800s?
The emergence of conservativism in the 1800's was a negative development for European nations. It was conservative ideas that led to events like the revolution in France. It hindered reform in countries like Britain and France that truly needed it. If conservatism had triumphed then revolts in places like Belgium, Poland, and Greece wouldn't have been able to strike out against enemy nations. It is seen through people like Rousseau, Smith and the great John Locke, that true triumph lies withim the realm of liberalism.
What does GOP mean?
GOP is the abbreviation for "Grand Old Party," one of the older names for what is today called the Republican Party in the United States. This political party goes all the way back to the era of Abraham Lincoln, in the 1860s, and is still around today.
Who benefits in conflict theory?
Conflict theory posits that those in power benefit the most, as they are able to maintain their dominance and exert control over others. This theory suggests that inequality and social conflict are inherent in society, leading to a system where the powerful maintain their advantage while the marginalized struggle to gain power and resources.
What is credit risk?
What is Credit Risk? Credit risk is that the risk of loss which will occur from the failure of any party to abide by the terms and conditions of any monetary contract, mainly, the failure to form needed payments on loans because of associate entity. Here at intervals that it operates. the key goal of project finance in risk management is to confirm that it understands, measures, and monitors the varied risks that arise which the organization adheres strictly to the policies and procedures established to deal with these risks. corporations have a structured credit approval method which incorporates a well-established procedure for comprehensive credit appraisal. What Factors square measure accustomed Assess Credit Risk? In order to assess the credit risk related to any monetary proposal, the project finance division of the firm initial assesses a spread of risks about the receiver and also the relevant business. The receiver credit risk is evaluated by considering: The monetary position of the receiver, by analyzing the standard of its monetary statements, its past monetary performance, its monetary flexibility in terms of the flexibility to lift capital, and its capital adequacy The borrower’s relative market position and operational potency The quality of management, by analyzing its record, payment record, and monetary conservativism Industry-specific credit risk is evaluated by considering: Certain business characteristics, like the importance of the business to the economic process of the economy and government policies about the business The aggressiveness of the business Certain business financials, as well as come back on capital used, operational margins, and earnings stability
What is conservative accounting philosophy?
Mattessich, R.:What is conservative accounting philosophy? Prerequisite: What is "conservative accounting? It is the practice of recording and presenting financial statements based on cautious principles such as "acquisition cost or market value whichever is lower" (instead of the presently favored "fair value", frequently based on the subjective overvaluation of assets or undervaluation of debts) and "recognizing profits only after realizing sales", etc. If "philosophy" is meant in the professional sense (i.e., not merely as an "attitude"), one comes to the following conclusion:A "conservative accounting philosophy" is an ontology and epistemology that tries to justify conservative accounting by taking into consideration: (1) the volatility of values(in general, but particularly, of assets, equities, etc.), and (2) that these values should be represented in a "prudent" and objective rather than an "optimistic" and subjective way..A financial value is not a property of something but a three-way relation between some (i) person(s), (ii) an object, and (iii) changeable circumstances. This implies a potential for sudden or unexpected fluctuations in value such that its representation at one moment of time may no longer correspond to the reality at another moment. This creates a dilemma. On one side, accounting and financial statements are supposed to represent "reality", on the other side, this reality is in constant flux. Hence, neither a "conservative" value nor a "fair" value satisfies the ontological quest posed by a realist ontology. One solution to this problem would be to supplement accounting values of the financial statements with some kind of error estimates (e.g., its standard deviation), or to use a "multiple value approach." Proposals of this kind have been made in the literature (e.g., in Mattessich's Accounting and Analytical Methods, 1964: 220-231) but have not been seriously considered by practitioners. However, as far as share values are concerned, financial practice often attributes a risk factor to each share price. The traditional solution to this dilemma is to accept for accounting the general principle of conservativism (according to which it is preferable to err on the cautious than optimistic side). This principle has been the pivot of accounting practice (even of most of its theories) until the last decade of the twentieth century when empirical and positive accounting theories were instrumental in promoting "fair values". But some experts may argue that this resulted in occasional overvaluations in the stock market with billions of dollars in losses to the public. Typical overvaluations as occurred in a series of financial scandals, such as ENRON, WorldCom, Parmalat, etc. -- and more recently in the "sup-prime mortgage scandal". However, a conservative accounting philosophy has its own disadvantages. For example, it can lead to enormous discrepancies between (unrealistically low) accounting book values and (much higher) share prices in the market. Thus, neither a philosophy of conservative nor one of aggressive accounting seems to be desirable. What is needed is a philosophy that, on one side, emphasizes the fundamental dilemma of accounting representation and, on the other side, tries to sail safely through the Skylla of conservative and the Caryptis of aggressive accounting practice by indicating when to use one and when to use the other.
Who was the person that discovered human rights?
The modern sense of human rights can be traced to Renaissance Europe and the Protestant Reformation, alongside the disappearance of the feudal authoritarianism and religious conservativism that dominated the Middle Ages. Human rights were defined as a result of European scholars attempting to form a "secularized version of Judeo-Christian ethics".[7] Although ideas of rights and liberty have existed in some form for much of human history, they do not resemble the modern conception of human rights. According to Jack Donnelly, in the ancient world, "traditional societies typically have had elaborate systems of duties... conceptions of justice, political legitimacy, and human flourishing that sought to realize human dignity, flourishing, or well-being entirely independent of human rights. These institutions and practices are alternative to, rather than different formulations of, human rights".[6] Some argue that modern concept of human rights originated with the establishment of the United Nations in 1945, while others see precedents in ancient codes such as the Code of Hammurabi, the Cyrus Cylinder, and the reforms of Ashoka.[5] Medieval charters of liberty such as the English Magna Carta were not charters of human rights, let alone general charters of rights: they instead constituted a form of limited political and legal agreement to address specific political circumstances, in the case of Magna Carta later being mythologized in the course of early modern debates about rights.One of the oldest records of human rights is the statute of Kalisz (1264), giving privileges to the Jewish minority in the Kingdom of Poland such as protection from discrimination and hate speech.[11] The basis of most modern legal interpretations of human rights can be traced back to recent European history. The Twelve Articles (1525) are considered to be the first record of human rights in Europe. They were part of the peasants' demands raised towards the Swabian League in the German Peasants' War in Germany. In Spain in 1542 Bartolomé de Las Casas argued against Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda in the famous Valladolid debate, Sepúlveda mainted an Aristotelian view of humanity as divided into classes of different worth, while Las Casas argued in favor of equal rights to freedom of slavery for all humans regardless of race or religion. In Britain in 1683, the English Bill of Rights (or "An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown") and the Scottish Claim of Right each made illegal a range of oppressive governmental actions. Two major revolutions occurred during the 18th century, in the United States (1776) and in France (1789), leading to the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen respectively, both of which established certain legal rights. Additionally, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 encoded into law a number of fundamental civil rights and civil freedoms.These were followed by developments in philosophy of human rights by philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill and G.W.F. Hegel during the 18th and 19th centuries. The term human rights probably came into use some time between Paine's The Rights of Man and William Lloyd Garrison's 1831 writings in The Liberator, in which he stated that he was trying to enlist his readers in "the great cause of human rights".In the 19th century, human rights became a central concern over the issue of slavery. A number of reformers, such as William Wilberforce in Britain, worked towards the abolition of slavery. This was achieved in the British Empire by the Slave Trade Act 1807 and the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. In the United States, all the northern states had abolished the institution of slavery between 1777 and 1804, although southern states clung tightly to the "peculiar institution". Conflict and debates over the expansion of slavery to new territories constituted one of the reasons for the southern states' secession and the American Civil War. During the reconstruction period immediately following the war, several amendments to the United States Constitution were made. These included the 13th amendment, banning slavery, the 14th amendment, assuring full citizenship and civil rights to all people born in the United States, and the 15th amendment, guaranteeing African Americans the right to vote.Many groups and movements have achieved profound social changes over the course of the 20th century in the name of human rights. In Europe and North America, labour unions brought about laws granting workers the right to strike, establishing minimum work conditions and forbidding or regulating child labor. The women's rights movement succeeded in gaining for many women the right to vote. National liberation movements in many countries succeeded in driving out colonial powers. One of the most influential was Mahatma Gandhi's movement to free his native India from British rule. Movements by long-oppressed racial and religious minorities succeeded in many parts of the world, among them the African American Civil Rights Movement, and more recent diverse identity politics movements, on behalf of women and minorities in the United States.The establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 1864 Lieber Code and the first of the Geneva Conventions in 1864 laid the foundations of International humanitarian law, to be further developed following the two World Wars.The World Wars, and the huge losses of life and gross abuses of human rights that took place during them, were a driving force behind the development of modern human rights instruments. The League of Nations was established in 1919 at the negotiations over the Treaty of Versailles following the end of World War I. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation and diplomacy, and improving global welfare. Enshrined in its charter was a mandate to promote many of the rights later included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.At the 1945 Yalta Conference, the Allied Powers agreed to create a new body to supplant the League's role; this was to be the United Nations. The United Nations has played an important role in international human-rights law since its creation. Following the World Wars, the United Nations and its members developed much of the discourse and the bodies of law that now make up international humanitarian law and international human rights law.
