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Depreciation in business refers to the understanding that purchases of items (assets) with a useful life greater than one year (car, equipment, buildings, etc.) are generally worth less after some use than they are worth new. Depreciation attempts to allocate the purchase price over the useful life.

When a business buys an office supply or other item that is used up in less than one year, they deduct the amount of the purchase from their revenue (sales) to determine if the business has earned a profit or loss.

When a business buys an asset with a multiple year useful life they might split up the cost of the asset over all the years of normal use. For example, if the business bought a car, they might subtract 1/5 of the car each year for 5 years in determining profit.

Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) provide guidelines for which purchases can be deducted in the year of the purchase and which are assets which should be deducted over a period of time. The IRS provides further guidance when calculating taxable profit. Some of the IRS guidelines enable a business to deduct an asset faster than normal as an incentive to invest in business assets. Please talk to your accountant to determine the correct and most favorable method for your circumstances.

The concept of depreciation is the same for all businesses whether small or large. The IRS treatment may vary based upon the size of the business.

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Q: What is considered depreciation in a small business?
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