Penguins have a counter current heat exchange mechanism. The warm blood entering their flippers flows past cold blood leaving. This warms the cold blood and cools the warm blood thus reducing heat loss from the flippers.
The exchange of a substance or heat between two fluids flowing in opposite directions.
Countercurrent mechanism is something that happens in nature but can be mimicked in engineering. This is basically heat or some other type of component between 2 flowing bodies.
The Loop of Henle
nephron loop
rental medulla
In the nephron loops, particularly in the juxtamedullary nephrons.
A part of the tubule called the Loop of Henle is involved in the reabsorption of sodium and therefore water.
Cromwell current
Cromwell current
diffusion.
loop of henle,gills
Diffusion
fish gills. Blood in the feet of penguins Loop of Henle
It is a dimensionless parameter to measure countercurrent sorption operations