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meander (pronounced mee yan der)
A meander, in general, is a bend in a sinuous watercourse or river. A meander is formed when the moving water in a stream erodes the outer banks and widens its valley.
it is called a meandefill
A canyon can be formed where the water eats away on the rocks.
a stream gets wider when it gets older and the water erodes the bed of the river to make it wider
the meniscus
On the inner curve of a meander, where the velocity of the water is the slowest.
Caves are generally formed in areas rich in limestone, which erodes as water flows over it over time.
Headward erosion is a fluvial process of erosion that lengthens a stream, a valley or a gully at its head and also enlarges its drainage basin. The stream erodes away at the rock and soil at its headwaters in the opposite direction that it flows. Once a stream has begun to cut back, the erosion is sped up by the steep gradient the water is flowing down. As water erodes a path from its headwaters to its mouth at a standing body of water, it tries to cut an ever-shallower path. This leads to increased erosion at the steepest parts, which is headward erosion. (wikipedia)When this happens, the erosion can break through into another stream and the water from the stream is diverted. So the stream is "stealing" the other stream's water.
Riles are formed by moving water which erodes loose soil and deposits it on a level surface as the water velocity slows. Riles on the moon may have been formed at a time when water was present there.
The stream bottom erodes more deeply when its water level rises in a flood; therefore, the more volume and sediments water carries along, the more bottom of a stream is being eroded away thus it deeper.
Rills are formed by erosion. As soil erodes a thin channel is left, this channel fills with water. Gullies are formed by running water. An area where many rills have formed can turn into a gully.