Dactyl has many meanings; see the link below.
Phalangitis or dactylitis
Swellling is edema. When a body part is swollen it's described as edematous. Dactylitis is a more specific term meaning sausage-like swelling of a finger (or toe).
Dactylitis is inflammation of a finger or toe.
Fingers and toes can enlarge in adults due to various conditions, including arthritis, which causes inflammation in the joints, leading to swelling. Other potential causes include edema from fluid retention, acromegaly due to excess growth hormone, or specific conditions such as dactylitis associated with certain autoimmune diseases. Additionally, repetitive use or injury can cause localized swelling and enlargement over time.