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Layer N in the model accepts data from the next higher layer, layer N+1, in the form of a block of data known as a service data unit (SDU). To deliver this SDU to the destination system, a layer N protocol is used between the layer N entity in the source system and the layer N entity in the destination system. The source protocol entity encapsulates the SDU by adding a header and possibly a trailer, containing protocol control information, such as source and destination address and error check codes. The SDU plus header and trailer is known as a protocol data unit (PDU). An SDU may be broken up into multiple chunks and sent out in multiple PDUs, or multiple SDUs may be aggregated and send out in a single PDU, if the protocol allows it.

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