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Even if terminology can vary depending on jurisdictions, I would make the following distinction (Sorry in advance but I will have to generalise):

- "Depository" is generally (or historically) used to talk about central institutions (nearly utilities) that register the initial deposit of securities on request of the issuer. CSDs are most of the time local organisations built to accomodate the clearing and settlement needs of local traditional exchanges.

- "Custodian" describes a firm (generally banks) that holds securtities on behalf of trading firms.

Patent synergies exists between both activities so the above mentionned distinction is blured in a number of cases:

- A custodian can offer initial depository services to issuers. This model is notably very efficient when the securities are not 100% freely transferable (basically not bearer shares) or when it comes to organising clearing and settlement in multiple currencies.

- A well known European custodian owns several local CSDs and indifferently offers equivalent services via the different entities of the group.

If I stick to the general picture I have just drawn, the custodians are the typical clients of CSDs. To sum up a (very simple) trade life cycle:

1- A trade is carried out on the exchange between two trading firms.

1'- The trade is notified by the exchange to countperparts.

2- It is sent to CCP/Clearing/Settlement agent(s)

2'- The trade is notified by CCP/Clearing

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Q: What is difference between Custodian and depository?
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