Only federal courts are established by congress.
One sends their convicted defendants to a state-run prison system, the other to the federal prison system.
State prisons are where inmates go after being sentenced in state court for crimes prosecuted by the state. Federal prisons are where inmates go after being sentenced in federal court for crimes prosecuted by the federal government.
Except for the fact that for one you'll be appearing in state court and the other you'll be appearing in federal court, nothing.
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A difference between state and federal courts is that the federal court is limited to the types of cases listed in the Constitution, while the state courts have broad jurisdiction. Since both of the courts have jurisdiction, parties are allowed to choose to be heard by the federal or state court.
Only federal Courts must have judges approved by the Senate - apex
A person is more likely to be convicted in a state court than in a federal court.
It really depends what kind of courts you are talking about and where the courts are. If the courts are federal, then a district court is a trial court and a circuit court is an appeals court, which may review a trial decision from a district court. For state courts, the difference between a district court and a circuit court will depend on what state the courts are in. Many states have courts called "district court" and "circuit court," but what kinds of cases these courts handle differs state to state.
Cases involving federal laws, the U.S. Constitution, or disputes between states are tried in federal court. Federal court cases differ from state court cases in that they involve federal laws and are heard by judges appointed by the President, while state court cases involve state laws and are heard by judges appointed by state governments.
A person is more likely to be convicted in a state court than in a federal court.
The two separate court systems functioning in the US are the federal court system and the state court systems. The federal court system handles cases that involve federal laws, the US Constitution, or disputes between different states. The state court systems, on the other hand, handle cases that involve state laws and disputes within the state.
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