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Every diploid cell has two alleles for every gene. Segregation means that when these alleles go through meiosis to create gametes, they will segregate from one another, and each of the haploid gametes will end up with only one allele.

Independent assortment comes into play when you are looking at how the alleles of two genes separate. As long as each gene lies on a different chromosome, then the alleles of these genes will assort themselves independently of one another when the haploid gametes are formed in meiosis. Each haploid gamete can end up with a different combination of alleles of these two genes.

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