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An electrophile is any an agent that is attracted to electrons. The electrophiles stimulate a chemical reaction by bonding with a nucleophile, creating an electron pair.
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Why phenol undergoes electrophillic substitution reactions?
because, phenol it self neucleophilic group.
Why the benzene ring is not much reactive as the pyrrole?
pyrrole is more reactive towards electrophillic aromatic substiotution because it is able to stabilize the +ve charge of the intermediate carbocation
Is benzene less reactive towards electrophillic substitution reaction?
No, Haloarenes are less reactive than benzene towards electrophillic substitution reaction. This is because the halogen atom attached to benzene ring in haloarenesis slightly deactivating and orthoand para directing. so attack can only take place at orthoand para. Also the halogen atom in Haloarenesdue to its -I effect has some tendancyto withdraw electrons from the benzene ring and hence making it deactivating.Since the ring gets deactivated as compared to benzene, haloarenesare less reactive than benzene in electrophillicsubstituionreaction.
Why does bromine go clear after the addition of ethene?
Bromine is an electrophile (electron deficient species) it attacks the Carbon doubble bond and accepts a pair of electrons. this is known as electrophillic addition. the equation is: C2H4 + Br2 - C2H4Br2 the product is 1,2 dibromoethane. this product is colourless.
What happen when benzene reacts with ch3cocl in presence oa alcl3?
AlCl3 will take Cl out from CH3COCl which becomes CH3CO+. CH3CO+ is an electrophillic thus attracting to the negative ring of benzene. To form a ketone-Phenylethanone. CH3COCl + AlCl3 = CH3CO+ and AlCl4- . C6H6 + CH3CO+ = C6H5COCH3 + HCL.
Organic reaction mechanism?
by reading question carefully ,first understand the role of reagent / acids/ bases and any functional group that is given.Determine the reaction center and applied the basic knowledge of organic chemistry
Why is a triple bond the most difficult to break?
The main reason for this is because, within the triple bond there is a high concentration of electrons. Therefore, electrophillic elements like oxygen will be attracted to the bond. These elements can steal electrons from the bond and form a related compound. Better answers will probably follow, but this is a start at least.
What is the mechanism for perkin reaction?
Start with the aromatic aldehyde and acid anhydride. Salt of an Carboxylic acid is used to abstract a proton from the alpha carbon of acid anhydride. The carbanion generated would attack the electrophillic centre of aldehyde. This centre is carbonyl carbon. There after an stablised anion is formed. Further hydrolysis gives the required Cinnamic acid.
What are the differences between activating and deactivating groups in electrophillic aromatic substitution?
Activating groups donate electron density either through inductive effects or resonance. They are usually ortho and para directed, which means the subsequent groups added will either be in the 2 or 4 position relative to the functional group. It is easy to determine if a functional group is activating if it electronegative molecules are single bonded. Examples: alkyl groups (-CH3), alkoxyl (-OCH3), amino (-NH2), thio (-SH), The exception to the trend that activating groups = ortho/para are halides. Halides are deactivating groups because of strong electronegativity, but they are also ortho and para. Molecules that are double bonded like -NO2, HSO4, and halides are deactivating. They are meta directed, adding molecules at the 3 position.
What ring of phenyl benzoate would undergo nitration more easily?
Nitration occurs through electrophilic addition of aromatic rings by breaking one of its aromatic bonds in order to attack the nitogen. The ring with more electron density will be more likely to add NO2 groups in its meta position (the only position if another group is already attached). When electrophillic addition occurs, the benzene ring would have to unfavorably break its stable aromaticity to attack. However, the phenyl oxygen can donate its electrons to the benzene ring, thus enriching it with electron density and stabilizing the positive charge. The carbonyl group does nothing to stabilize the other benzene ring during its electrophilic addition. In fact, the carbonyl group may as well have the opposite effect: the resonance structure of a single bonded carbon to its oxygen pulls electrons away from the benzene ring through inductive effect.
