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When two different (or same ) elements share an electron, an covalent bond is formed between them. Take the example of water molecule, H2O , here hydrogen two atoms share one electron each with a single oxygen atom to form water molecule. By doing so, the duplet state of hydrogen & octet state of oxygen is achieved & the molecule formed is a stable.

In this case both the atom of the element share equal number of electrons.

In some cases elements share unequal number of electrons, then such covalent bond is called co-ordinate covalent bond.

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