What is formolated?

Answer 1

There are saline electrostatic interactions between cationic aminos and anionic carboxyls in approximately all proteins, peptides and even dissolved amino-acids in solutions! By breaking apart the saline link because the aminos react covalently with the aldehyde to yield an uncharged methylol derivatives, the pKa of the carboxyl proton drops from 2 to 5 pH units for all of these families of peptides, because the saline bond is so long-ranged coulombic inverse square force that operates at the extended nano-meter colloidal rehealm of dimensions but the covalent link of the amino with the aldehyde is very short ranged molecular dimension. Thus the saline bond being unstable to Debye-Hückel shielding that can affect the position of the canonical-zwitterion equilibrium tautomers of all peptides gives the aggregation effects for the colloidal phenomena of salting in and salting out of solution of all peptides. Thus the Zwitterion tautomer Canonical equilibrium can willfully be controlled by ionic strength and dialectric conditions for all peptides! I discuss this in the Wilson Memorial LECTURE give at the 107th ALCA Congress in Red-Wing Minnesota in June 2011.