What is Galene?

Answer 1

I believe you may be referring to the doctrine of humors, propounded by Galen the physician. It holds that illness can be understood as an unbalance of four bodily fluids (one of which, black bile, doesn't actually exist). In casual use, though, we still refer to certain types of personality by Galen's terms. Cheerful and outgoing people are "sanguine" (they have a lot of blood); careful and somewhat cold folks are "phlegmatic"; the easily excited are "choleric" and the gloomy ones are "melancholic."