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The lowest head loss is from a venturi since it has the lowest coefficient of discharge. typical coefficients range from 0.95-0.99 where the higher coefficient is directly proportional to larger square root of Reynolds number.
gas heating temp range from 120-140 degrees, electric heat strip is 110-125 degrees, heat pumps are 95-115 degrees
Coefficient of Linear thermal expansion (CLTE) = Alpha Alpha=(change in length)/(original length*change in temp) =Meters/(meters*Celsius) =m/mC (meters cancel leaving...) =1/C =C^-1
for a given current and temperature range, if you raise the temperature, voltage will be lower as a consequence. usually you have ~-2mV/K, this is common in semiconductors (ie you will have the same behaviour for diodes). For example, consider a transistor which drains 2mA and its output voltage is 200mV: if you increase its internal (junction) temperature by 2 kelvin degrees and keep its current to 2mA, output voltage will drop to 196mV. this is due to thermal excitation, which conveys more energy in the crystal lattice, so that the number of free carriers increases. for higher temperatures, some other effects arise and temperature coefficient will become positive.
It depends on the particular diode. They range from around a hundred volts to several thousand volts, depending on what you want to spend.
the correlation coefficient range is -1 to +1
ɪf the regresion coefficient is the coefficient of determination, then it's range is between 0 or 1. ɪf the regression coefficient is the correaltion coefficient (which i think it is) the it must lie between -1 or 1.
The magnitude of the reflection coefficient lies in the range of .
The 2014 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of 0.36 Cd.
The 2004 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of .38 Cd.
The 2009 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of 0.39 Cd.
The 2013 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of 0.35 Cd.
The 2005 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of .38 Cd.
The 2007 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of .39 Cd.
The 2003 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of .38 Cd.
The 2006 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of .39 Cd.
The 2008 Land-Rover Range-Rover has a drag coefficient of .39 Cd.