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its an anti-cancer treatment for a specific leukemia caused by the fusion of the 9-chromosome C to the N 22 chromosome. The drug binds to the ATP binding site making it not phosphorylate a promoter signal for cell proliferation and survival. Constant intake of the drug necessary.
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What is the purpose of GLEEVIC medicine?
Gleevec (also known as Imatinib or Glivec) is an inhibitor used to treat several types of cancer.
How long will gleevec work?
Gleevec (imatinib) is effective for many patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and certain other cancers for years, often leading to long-term remission. However, its effectiveness can vary based on individual factors, including genetic mutations in the cancer cells. Some patients may develop resistance to the drug over time, necessitating alternative treatments. Regular monitoring and consultations with a healthcare provider are essential to assess ongoing effectiveness and adjust treatment as needed.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
DefinitionChronic myelogenous leukemia is cancer that starts inside bone marrow, the soft tissue inside bones that helps form blood cells. The cancer grows from cells that produce white blood cells.See also:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)LeukemiaAlternative NamesCML; Chronic granulocytic leukemia; Leukemia - chronic granulocytic (CML)Causes, incidence, and risk factorsCML most often occurs in middle-aged adults and in children. The disease affects 1 to 2 people per 100,000 and makes up 7 - 20% cases of leukemia.It is usually associated with a chromosome abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome.Radiation increases the risk of developing CML. Exposure may occur from:High-dose radiation treatments used in the past to treat thyroid cancer or Hodgkin's lymphomaNuclear disasterIt takes many years to develop leukemia from this cause. However, most people treated for cancer with radiation do not go on to develop leukemia, and most patients with CML have not been exposed to radiation.SymptomsCML causes rapid growth of the immature blood-forming cells (myeloid precursors) in the bone marrow, blood, and body tissues.Chronic myelogenous leukemia is grouped into several phases:ChronicAcceleratedBlast crisisThe chronic phase can last for months or years. The disease may have few or no symptoms during this time. Most people are diagnosed during this stage, when they are having blood tests done for other reasons.The accelerated phase is a more dangerous phase, during which the leukemia cells grow more quickly. This phase may be associated with fever (without infection), bone pain, and a swollen spleen.If untreated, CML progresses to the blast crisis phase. Bleeding and infection may occur due to bone marrow failure. Other possible symptoms include:Bleeding and bruisingExcessive sweating (night sweats)FatigueLow-grade feverPressure under the lower left ribs from a swollen spleenSudden appearance of small pinpoint red marks on the skin (petechiae)WeaknessSigns and testsA physical examination often reveals a swollen spleen. A complete blood count (CBC) shows an increased number of white blood cells.Other tests that may be done include:Bone marrow aspiration and biopsyCBC with white blood cell differentialBlood and bone marrow testing for the presence of the Philadelphia chromosomeThis disease may also alter the results of the following tests:Platelet countUric acidTreatmentImatinib (Gleevec) is the first-line therapy for everyone with CML. Gleevec is a pill, taken by mouth. It is associated with very high rates of remission and survival. New medications similiar to Gleevec include dasatinib (Sprycel) and nilotinib (Tasigna).Sometimes a chemotherapy medicine called hydroxyurea (Hydrea) is used temporarily to reduce the white blood cell count if it is very high at diagnosis.The blast crisis phase is very difficult to treat, because it is marked by a very high count of immature white blood cells (leukemia cells). It is treated similarly to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL).The only known cure for CML is a bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant. You should discuss your options in detail with your oncologist.Support GroupsSee:Cancer support groupLeukemia support groupExpectations (prognosis)Since the introduction of Gleevec, the outlook for patients with CML has improved dramatically. When the signs and symptoms of CML go away, you are said to be in remission. Many patients can remain in remission for many years while on this drug.Stem cell tansplantation should be considered in patients whose disease comes back after initial treatment with imatinib (Gleevec). Long-term cure after transplantation ranges from 60 - 80%.ComplicationsBlast crisis can lead to complications, including infection, bleeding, fatigue, unexplained fever, and kidney problems. Chemotherapy can have serious side effects, depending on the drugs used.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of CML or have been diagnosed with CML and develop a fever higher than 100F, chills, sore throat, or cough.PreventionAvoid exposure to radiation when possible.ReferencesAbeloff MD, Armitage JO, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKenna WG, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 107.
When is leukemia noticeable in an individual?
Our pediatrician first suspected our 4 year old daughter to have leukemia after she continued to have infected sinus colds with fever that would not clear up with antibiotics. He ordered an IGAM & E blood test that showed she did not have leukemia, but that she had allergies. However, in my case, I have experienced head colds and/or allergy symptoms for years and was just diagnosed with CML (Chronic Myleod Luekemia) last year (2006). The last time my blood count was normal was in 2001. I complained to my doctors for years that I ached all over, but they never addressed it. I just chalked it up to the aging process and when I needed relief I just took some OTC pain meds. Currently, my treatment consists of a daily oral medication called Gleevec. I have to had a bone marrow biospy done every year. I see an oncologist every six months to see how I'm doing and to check my blood counts; twice per year he likes to do a Philledelphia Chromozome blood test.
What is the treatment for cml?
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) is a type of white blood cell cancer. It is diagnosed and monitored using a number of specialised blood tests, some specifically looking for levels of abnormal cell DNA. CML occurs when damaged cells within a person's bone marrow (where white blood cells are manufactured) begin to produce an abnormal enzyme (production chemical) that disorders the process of making white blood cells. The DNA defect is commonly known as the Philadelphia Chromosome (because that's where it was discovered). The abnormal enzyme this DNA produces causes highly immature and irregular white blood cells to be produced and released into the blood stream. It is this abnormal enzyme that is the target of most current drug therapies. Almost all patients diagnosed with CML will be treated with a drug called Gleevec (also known as imatinib, from a class of drugs called tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or TKIs). This drug prevents the enzyme from working. It has been prescribed widely for around 7 years. The majority of patients on it do very well, and because it acts specifically on the enzyme involved (unlike chemotherapy) there are few if any side effects in most people. Most patients' blood tests return to normal after a few years on the drug... The issue is whether patients with 'normal' blood work should stay on the drug or come off it. Because it is a relatively new drug we currently do not know what the potential LONG TERM effects there might be of staying on it. We do not know whether the drug would be harmful to women who are pregnant or breast-feeding, as there is no data on this. We also have no reliable evidence to suggest that coming OFF the drug is beneficial: in some patients, their CML returns once off Gleevec, and in others it does not. This is a choice that patients must make. In patients who cannot tolerate imatinib, another TKI may be tried. If this fails, then a bone marrow transplant (BMT) may be tried. This is NOT the same as a solid organ transplant (such as a kidney, where most biological family members would be suitable). Bone marrow suitable for transplant may not be found in any family member and may have to come from an unknown donor. A BMT is extremely risky (1 in 5 patients will die during, or shortly after, the procedure). Around 2 in 3 patients will be fully cured of CML forever, but this does potentially come at a cost. The long-term disabilities from BMTs CAN include permanent painful skin inflammation or life-long diarrhoea. Treatment for CML needs to be the result of joint discussions between patients, the families and expert doctors (usually haematologists).
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