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We are not sure yet. According to Einstein's highly successful theory of general relativity gravity is the result of spacetime being warped by the presence of matter and energy. Particles then follow these curves giving rise to the phenomenon of gravity.

In quantum field theory gravity is instead described as being transmitted by a spin-2 particle called the graviton. This approach has several problems however, which is the main reason why we are not sure yet. But because all the other fundamental forces are described very well by quantum field theory most physicists think that in the future it will be possible to describe gravity in this way.

To be a bit more technical gravity arises in any quantum field theory where you require that the laws of physics are the same for any observer. This is commonly referred to as general covariance or (local) Lorentz invariance.

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