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Not exactly sure. Both salt and pepper have been cultivated for the past 4000 years (by the Assyrians and Indians, respectively). However salt comes from rock, whereas pepper comes from a plant that must be ground before use. I would say salt.
Pepper shakers will have more holes than salt (it's logical: it's worse to oversalt a dish).
Melva Davern has written: 'The collector's encyclopedia of salt & pepper shakers' -- subject(s): Collectors and collecting, Salt and pepper shakers
No
Hubert McHugh has written: 'Goebel salt and pepper shakers' -- subject(s): Catalogs, Collectors and collecting, Salt and pepper shakers, W. Goebel Porzellanfabrik
Typically in a set of salt and pepper shakers one of them has more holes in the top - that one is for the salt. The shaker with only one hole or the one with fewer holes is for the pepper.
Pair, twin, couple, set.
Tons of people collect and trade vintage salt and pepper shakers. They can be found on numerous bidding sites like etsy and ebay. There are online clubs and yearly conventions dedicated to collecting old salt and pepper shakers. There are online stores like oldsaltandpeppershakers.com where you can find large assortments. Many books are available with price guides and information.
The number of holes in salt and pepper shakers varies by culture, health and taste. Here in the US excessive salt is considered bad for you, so the salt shaker is the one with the fewer holes, but in parts of Europe it's the other way around.
A great place to find and purchase vintage salt and pepper shakers first used in the 19th century is Ebay. You can also sometimes find items such as this at Shopgoodwill Online.
As far as the salt goes, there's no advantage. The salt is the same whether from a grinder or a shaker. For pepper, however, a grinder has an advantage. Fresh ground pepper is much spicier than pre-ground pepper from a shaker.
Most likely, only a few dollars. Plain pewter or silver plated salt and pepper shakers are very plentiful, and unless ornate, early, by a particular company, or have some other compelling feature to them, they are of little to no value. Sorry!