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It is the theory of kinetics. Solar energy heats up the superficial layer (surface) of water and the water molecules jump from the surface in to air (due to increased in energy). If the air is moving the molecule gets carried away and further heated to become a vapor. If still air is there, then only it will drop back to the surface.

This is the basis for perspiration also.

If you heat a solution, you are providing energy. Here, solar radiation is the source of energy. Besides, if the air is saturated with water vapors then the evaporation is less.

Remember, phase changes could not happen unless you change the temperature and of course, pressure.

Please note: Boiling is different from evaporation as applied to whole mass not for a layer of water.

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Q: What is how most water vapor gets into the atmosphere turning water into water vapor using energyfrom the sun?
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